NASA GODDARD HOMEPAGE FOR TROPOSPHERIC
OZONE
FROM SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Code 614, Chemistry and Dynamics Branch
TROPOSPHERIC OZONE DATA, MOVIES, AND IMAGES FROM AURA OMI/MLS
As members of the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) science
team we are developing several tropospheric ozone data products from
OMI in combination with Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). One of
these involves OMI measurements alone to derive tropospheric and
stratospheric ozone. By combining OMI total column ozone measurements
with MLS stratospheric column ozone measurements, we are producing
global maps of OMI/MLS tropospheric ozone. Aura MLS stratospheric
ozone data were provided in collaboration with the Aura MLS team at
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA.
NOTES:
Below is the journal reference for the OMI/MLS tropospheric
ozone data:
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, B. N. Duncan, L. Froidevaux, P. K. Bhartia,
P. F. Levelt, and J. W. Waters,
"Tropospheric ozone determined from Aura OMI and MLS: Evaluation
of measurements and comparison with the Global Modeling Initiative's
Chemical Transport Model", J. Geophys. Res., 111, D19303,
doi:10.1029/2006JD007089, 2006.
The following provide links to data, movies, and images involving
Aura OMI/MLS tropospheric ozone data from NASA Goddard Space Flight
Center. The original monthly mean clear-sky measurements
[Ziemke et al., 2006] are still being provided and updated. Please
address Jerry Ziemke (jerald.r.ziemke@nasa.gov) involving problems
or specific questions about the datasets.
OZONE ENSO INDEX (OEI) MONTHLY TIME SERIES DATA
We have combined column ozone measured in tropical latitudes from
Nimbus 7 total ozone mapping spectrometer (TOMS), Earth Probe TOMS,
solar backscatter ultraviolet (SBUV), and Aura ozone monitoring
instrument (OMI) to derive an El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
index. This index, which covers a time period from 1979 to near
present, is defined as the tropospheric "Ozone ENSO Index" (OEI)
[Ziemke et al., 2010, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2010.]
Stratospheric column ozone in tropical low latitudes has very small
longitudinal variation of only a few Dobson Units. This has been
shown in previous studies from SAGE, HALOE, and UARS/Aura MLS
stratospheric ozone satellite measurements. Because of this
characteristic, the east-west zonal variation of tropospheric column
ozone in tropical low latitudes is essentially identical to that of
total column ozone. This property of near zero zonal variation of
stratospheric column ozone is used to derive the tropospheric OEI.
The OEI is calculated by differencing total column ozone between two
broad regions in the the western and eastern tropical Pacific.
Because of near zero zonal variation of stratospheric ozone, this
differencing eliminates the stratospheric ozone signal leaving only
tropospheric ozone variation in the OEI.
There are many ENSO indices that have been developed. One commonly
used ENSO index derived from sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies
is the NOAA Nino 3.4 index. Another historic ENSO index comes from
Tahiti minus Darwin surface pressure. Both ENSO indices are well
correlated with tropospheric and total column ozone with an east-west
"dipole" signature between the eastern and western Pacific in the
tropics. (See IMAGE of temporal correlation
between total column ozone and the ENSO indices Nino 3.4 and Tahiti
minus Darwin pressure (denoted SOI in figure)). On average, a +1K
change in Nino 3.4 index coincides with about a +2.5 to +3 DU change
in OEI depending on the amount of cloud scenes included in calculation
of the OEI. The more convective cloud scenes included in calculating
the OEI, the smaller becomes the OEI sensitivity number with the Nino
3.4 ENSO index. This is likely because ozone concentrations in the
lower troposphere in the remote Pacific are characteristically low and
convective clouds inject these low concentrations into the middle and
upper troposphere, reducing tropospheric column ozone and the
calculated OEI.
The OEI is a useful diagnostic test for ocean-atmosphere climate
models of the troposphere [e.g., Oman et al., Geophys. Res. Lett.,
2011]. Such models should be capable of reproducing signatures of the
ozone ENSO index including it's sensitivity relationship with ENSO
induced changes in tropical surface pressure and sea surface
temperature.
The OEI is updated periodically on this webpage. Listed below is the
OEI monthly-mean data, and a figure of these two OEI time series
versus the Nino 3.4 sea-surface temperature ENSO index.
Below is the OEI data calculated using only clear-sky scenes
for the
satellite ozone measurements:
OEI (clear-sky condition) DATA for January 1979 (top) through
December 2018 (bottom).
Below is a JPEG figure which shows the above OEI time series
plotted with the Nino 3.4 ENSO index:
IMAGE of the OEI and Nino 3.4
ENSO indices (Note: Nino 3.4
time series was multiplied by +3 for scaling with the OEI time series)
Below is the reference paper for the ozone ENSO index:
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, L. D. Oman, and P. K. Bhartia,
"A new ENSO index derived from satellite measurements of column
ozone", Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3711-3721, 2010.
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OTHER PUBLIC DOMAIN DATA AND IMAGES, ETC. :
Monthly-mean maps (GIF images) of tropical tropospheric column
ozone (in Dobson Units) derived from the Convective Cloud Differential
(CCD) method [Ziemke et al., 1998]:
GRIDDED TROPICAL DATA:
Data for the above tropospheric column ozone images can be obtained
at this website. The data (see DATA DOCUMENTATION
) represent monthly-means with a resolution of 5 degrees latitude
by 5 degrees longitude and are printed in ASCII format for both TROPOSPHERIC and
STRATOSPHERIC column measurements.
Stratospheric column ozone to within a few Dobson Units in the
tropics is zonally homogeneous. For this reason the stratospheric
column ozone data file gives only one value for each latitude.
There is also an IDL
PROCEDURE provided to read these data tables. At current time
these CCD data files are developed from Nimbus 7 TOMS and Earth Probe
TOMS version 8 measurements. In the future, the new Aura OMI CCD data
will be appended to continue this long time-record data set.
PACIFIC AVERAGED DATA FOR 50S TO 60N:
Pacific averaged (120W-120E) monthly mean stratospheric and
tropospheric column ozone from TOMS measurements covering the
latitudes 50S to 60N (5 degree latitude bands) can be obtained here.
The tabulated data were obtain using the CCD method. Measurements for
latitudes south of 50S and north of 60N are not included in the tables
because there are not enough suitable clouds for using the CCD method.
As with the above data tables, TOMS version 8 level-2 footprint
measurements were used to construct the data. There are two ASCII
tables, one for STRATOSPHERIC
column ozone and one for TROPOSPHERIC
column ozone. Time coverage extends from January 1979 through
December 2005. Two-sigma uncertainties in these monthly measurements
of both stratospheric and tropospheric column ozone are 5 DU. There
is an IDL PROCEDURE
provided to read these data tables. Note that in the tables the two
left-most numbers designate latitude ranges (maximum and minimum) for
the measurements. It is noted that the stratospheric column ozone
measurements outside the tropics from Earth Probe TOMS began having
problems in mid-2001. Stratospheric ozone began showing an erroneous
downward trend and a signature of a solar zenith angle dependent
calibration drift. Stratospheric data for years 2001-2005 are lower
than they should be, so that the variabilities in the measurements
should be evaluated with caution. Tropospheric ozone is not affected
directly by calibration drift (it's a differencing method) and
maintains reasonable numbers through year 2005.
SPECIAL NOTES:
All of the above data tables were determined from Nimbus 7 TOMS
(Jan79-Apr93) and Earth Probe TOMS (Aug96-Dec05) satellite
measurements. Following December 2005, Earth Probe TOMS no
longer provides data. In the future, the new Aura OMI ozone
measurements will be used to continue adding to these long time
records of stratospheric and tropospheric column ozone.
Below is the primary journal reference for the CCD data and methodology:
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, and P. K. Bhartia,
"Two new methods for deriving tropospheric column ozone from TOMS
measurements: The assimilated UARS MLS/HALOE and convective-cloud
differential techniques",
J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22,115-22,127, 1998.
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REFEREED PUBLICATIONS RELATING TO TROPOSPHERIC OZONE
FROM MEMBERS OF OUR RESEARCH GROUP
(NOTE: IF YOU
WISH TO HAVE A COPY OF ANY OF THESE PAPERS PLEASE SEND
A REQUEST TO THE CONTACT PERSON LISTED AT THE BOTTOM
OF THIS WEBPAGE):
Year 2024:
Elshorbany Y., J. R. Ziemke, S. Strode, H. Petetin, K, Miyazaki, I. De
Smedt , K. Pickering, R. Seguel, H. Worden, T. Emmerichs,
D. Taraborrelli, M. Cazorla, S. Fadnavis, R. Buchholz, B. Gaubert,
N. Rojas, T. Nogueira, T. Salameh, and M. Huang, Tropospheric Ozone
Precursors: Global and Regional Distributions, Trends and Variability,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-24-12225-2024, 2024.
Cooper, O. R., J. R. Ziemke, and K.-L. Chang, Tropospheric ozone, in
State of the Climate in 2023, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 105,
S94-S96, 2024.
Anderson, D. C., B. N. Duncan, J. H. Liu, J. M. Nicely, S. A. Strode,
M. B. Follette-Cook, A. H. Souri, J. R. Ziemke, G. Gonzalez-Abad,
Z. Avazpour, Trends and Interannual Variability of the Hydroxyl
Radical in the Remote Tropics During Boreal Autumn Inferred From
Satellite Proxy Data, Geophys. Res. Lett., 51,
doi:10.1029/2024GL108531, 2024.
Yu, X., A. Fiore, J. R. Ziemke, B. D. Santer, J.-F. Lamarque,
G. Correa, Q. Zhu, D, Anthropogenic Fingerprint Detectable in Upper
Tropospheric Ozone Trends Retrieved from Satellite, Env. Sci. Tech.,
58, doi:10.1021/acs.est.4c01289, 2024.
Kramarova, N. A., P. Xu, J. B. Mok, P. K. Bhartia, G. Jaross, L. Moy,
Z. Chen, S. Frith, M. DeLand, D. Kahn, G. Labow, J. Li, E. Nyaku,
C. Weaver, J. R. Ziemke, S. Davis, and Y. Jia, Decade-long Ozone
Profile Record from Suomi NPP OMPS Limb 2 Profiler: Assessment of
Version 2.6 Data, Earth and Space Sci., 11, doi: 10.1029/2024EA003707,
2024.
Gaudel A., I. Bourgeois, M. Li, K.-L. Chang, J. R. Ziemke, B. Sauvage,
R. M. Stauffer, A. M. Thompson, D. E. Kollonige, N. Smith, D. Hubert,
A. Keppens , J. Cuesta , K.-P. Heue, P. Veefkind, K. Aikin,
J. Peischl, C. R. Thompson, T. B. Ryerson, G. J. Frost,
B. C. McDonald, and O. R. Cooper, Tropical tropospheric ozone
distribution and trends from in situ and satellite data,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 24, 9975-10000, doi:10.5194/acp-24-9975-2024,
2024.
Year 2023:
Cooper, O. R., J. R. Ziemke, and K.-L. Chang, Tropospheric ozone, in
State of the Climate in 2022, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 103,
S98-S100, 2023.
Herman, J. R., J. R. Ziemke, and R. D. McPeters, Total Column Ozone
Trends from the NASA Merged Ozone Time Series 1979 to 2021 Showing
Latitude Dependent Ozone Recovery Dates (1994 to 1998),
Atmos. Meas. Tech., in press, 2023.
Year 2022:
Fiore, A. M., S. E. Hancock, J.-F. Lamarque, G. P. Correa,
K.-L. Chang, M. Ru, O. Cooper, A. Gaudel, L. M. Polvani, Bastien
Sauvage, and J. R. Ziemke, Understanding recent tropospheric ozone
trends in the context of large internal variability: a new perspective
from chemistry-climate model ensembles, Env. Res. Clim. 1,
https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ac9cc2, 2022.
Liu, J., S. A. Strode, Q.-L. Qing, L. D. Oman, P. R. Colarco,
E. L. Fleming, M. E. Manyin, J. R. Ziemke, L. N. Lamsal, C. Li, Change
in tropospheric ozone in the recent decades and its contribution to
global total ozone, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022JD037170, 2022.
Sullivan, S., A. Apituley, N. Mettig, K. Kreher, K. E. Knowland,
M. Allart, A. Piters, M. V. Roozendael, P. Veefkind, J. R. Ziemke,
N. Kramarova, M. Weber, A. Rozanov, L. Twigg, G. Sumnicht, and
T. McGee, Measurement Report: Tropospheric and Stratospheric Ozone
Profiles during the 2019 TROpomi vaLIdation eXperiment (TROLIX-19),
Atmos. Chem. Phys. Disc., in review,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2022-202, 2022.
Cooper, O. R., J. R. Ziemke, and K.-L. Chang, Tropospheric ozone, in
State of the Climate in 2021, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 103,
S98-S100, 2022.
Ziemke, J. R., N. A. Kramarova, S. M. Frith, L.-K. Huang,
D. P. Haffner, K. Wargan, L. N. Lamsal, G. J. Labow, R. D. McPeters,
and P. K. Bhartia, NASA satellite measurements show global-scale
reductions in tropospheric ozone in 2020 and again in 2021 during
COVID-19, Geophys. Res. Lett., 49,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2022GL098712, 2022.
Heue, K.-P., D. Loyola, F. Romahn, W. Zimmer, S. Chabrillat,
Q. Errera, J. R. Ziemke, and N. A. Kramarova, Tropospheric ozone
retrieval by a combination of TROPOMI/S5P measurements with BASCOE
assimilated data, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Disc., 15,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-5563-2022, 2022.
Year 2021:
Ziemke, J. R., G. L. Labow, N. A. Kramarova, R. D. McPeters,
P. K. Bhartia, L. D. Oman, S. M. Frith, and D. P. Haffner, A Global
Ozone Profile Climatology for Satellite Retrieval Algorithms Based on
Aura MLS Measurements and the MERRA-2 GMI Simulation,
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 14, 64076418,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-6407-2021, 2021.
Thompson, A. M., R. M. Stauffer, K. Wargan, J. C. Witte.,
D. E. Kollonige, J. R. Ziemke, Regional and Seasonal Trends in
Tropical Ozone From SHADOZ Profiles: Reference for Models and
Satellite Products, J. Geophys. Res.,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JD034691, 2021.
Kramarova, N. A., J. R. Ziemke, L.-K. Huang, J. R. Herman, K. Wargan,
C. J. Seftor, G. J. Labow, L. D. Oman, Evaluation of Version 3 Total
and Tropospheric Ozone Columns From Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera
on Deep Space Climate Observatory for Studying Regional Scale Ozone
Variations, Front. Rem. Sens., 2:734071, doi:
10.3389/frsen.2021.734071, 2021.
Ziemke, J. R., and O. R. Cooper, Tropospheric ozone, in State of the
Climate in 2020, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 102, S98-S100, 2021.
Dufour, G., D. Hauglustaine, Y. Zhang, M. Eremenko, Y. Cohen,
A. Gaudel, G. Siour, M. Lachatre, A. Bense, B. Bessagnet, J. Cuesta,
J. Ziemke, V. Thouret, and B. Zheng, Recent ozone trends in the
Chinese free troposphere: role of the local emission reductions and
meteorology, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 1600116025,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16001-2021, 2021.
Elshorbany, Y. Y, H. C. Kapper, J. R. Ziemke, S. A. Parr, The Status
of Air Quality in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A
Remote Sensing Perspective, Rem. Sens., 13(3), 369,
https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13030369. 2021.
Year 2020:
Ziemke, J. R., and O. R. Cooper, Tropospheric ozone, in State of the
Climate in 2019, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 101, S83-S85, 2020.
Gaudel, A. O. R. Cooper, K.-L. Chang, I. Bourgeois, J. R. Ziemke,
S. A.Strode, L. D. Oman, P. Sellitto, P. Nédélec, R. Blot, V. Thouret,
C. Granier, Aircraft observations since the 1990s reveal increases of
tropospheric ozone at multiple locations across the Northern
Hemisphere, Sci. Adv., 6, 34, doi:10.1126/sciadv.aba8272, 2020.
Year 2019:
David Tarasick, Ian E. Galbally, Owen R. Cooper, Martin G. Schultz,
Gerard Ancellet, Thierry Leblanc, Timothy J. Wallington, Jerry Ziemke,
Xiong Liu, Martin Steinbacher, Johannes Staehelin, Corinne Vigouroux,
James W. Hannigan, Omaira García, Gilles Foret, Prodromos Zanis,
Elizabeth Weatherhead, Irina Petropavlovskikh, Helen Worden, Mohammed
Osman, Jane Liu, Kai-Lan Chang, Audrey Gaudel, Meiyun Lin, Maria
Granados-Muñoz, Anne M. Thompson, Samuel J. Oltmans, Juan Cuesta,
Gaelle Dufour, Valerie Thouret, Birgit Hassler, Thomas Trickl, Jessica
L. Neu, Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Tropospheric ozone from
1877 to 2016, observed levels, trends and uncertainties, Elem Sci
Anth, k7(1), p.39.doi:http://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.376, 2019.
Ziemke, J. R., and O. R. Cooper, Tropospheric ozone, in State of the
Climate in 2018, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 100, S58-S60, 2019.
Strode, S. A., J. R. Ziemke, L. D. Oman, L. N. Lamsal, M. A. Olsen,
and J. Liu, Global changes in the diurnal cycle of surface ozone,
Atmos. Env., 199, 323-333,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.11.028, 2019.
Ziemke, J. R., L. D. Oman, S. A. Strode, A. R. Douglass, M. A. Olsen,
R. D. McPeters, P. K. Bhartia, L. Froidevaux, G. J. Labow,
J. C. Witte, A. M. Thompson, D. P. Haffner, N. A. Kramarova,
S. M. Frith, L. K. Huang, G. R. Jaross, C. J. Seftor, M. T. Deland,
and S. L. Taylor, Trends in global tropospheric ozone inferred from a
composite record of TOMS/OMI/MLS/OMPS satellite measurements and the
MERRA-2 GMI simulation, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 3257-3269,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3257-2019, 2019.
McPeters, R. D., S. M. Frith, N. A. Kramarova, J. R. Ziemke, and
G. J. Labow, Trend Quality Ozone from NPP OMPS: the Version 2
Processing, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 12, 977-985,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-977-2019, 2019.
Year 2018:
Ziemke, J. R., and O. R. Cooper, Tropospheric ozone, in State of the
Climate in 2017, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 99, S56-S57, 2018.
Young, P. J., V. Naik, A. M. Fiore, A. Gaudel, J. Guo, M. Y. Lin,
J. Neu, D. D. Parrish, H. E. Rieder, J. L. Schnell, S. Tilmes,
O. Wild, L. Zhang, J. Brandt, A. Delcloo, R. M. Doherty, C. Geels,
M. I. Hegglin, L. Hu, U. Im, R. Kumar, A. Luhar, L. Murray,
D. Plummer, J. Rodriguez, A. Saiz-Lopez, M. G. Schultz, M. Woodhouse,
G. Zeng, and J. Ziemke, Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report:
Assessment of global-scale model performance for global and regional
ozone distributions, variability, and trends, Elem. Sci. Anthrop., 6:
10, doi:https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.265, 2018.
Gaudel, A., O. R. Cooper, G. Ancellet, B. Barret, A. Boynard,
J. P. Burrows, C. Clerbaux, P.-F. Coheur, J. Cuesta, E. Cuevas,
S. Doniki, G. Dufour, F. Ebojie, G. Foret, O. Garcia,
M. J. Granados-Muñoz, J. Hannigan, F. Hase, B. Hassler, G. Huang,
D. Hurtmans, D. Jaffe, N. Jones, P. Kalabokas, B. Kerridge,
S. Kulawik, B. Latter, T. Leblanc, E. Le Flochmoën, W. Lin, J. Liu,
X. Liu, E. Mahieu, A. McClure-Begley, J. Neu, M. Osman, M. Palm,
H. Petetin, I. Petropavlovskikh, R. Querel, N. Rahpoe, A. Rozanov,
M. G. Schultz, J. Schwab, R. Siddans, D. Smale, M. Steinbacher,
H. Tanimoto, D. Tarasick, V. Thouret, A. M. Thompson, T. Trickl,
E. Weatherhead, C. Wespes, H. Worden, C. Vigouroux, X. Xu, G. Zeng,
J. Ziemke, Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report: Present-day
distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone relevant to climate and
global atmospheric chemistry model evaluation. Elem Sci Anth, 6:
39. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.291, 2018.
Levelt, P., J. Joiner, J. Tamminen, P. Veefkind, B. Duncan, H. Eskes,
O. Torres, M. DeLand, S. Marchenko, Q. Kleipool, K. Pickering,
A. Apituley, D. Stein Zweers, S. Carn, R. van der A, I. Ialongo,
A. Arola, S. Hassinen, J. Hakkarainen, R. McPeters, J. Ziemke,
F. Boersma, N. Krotkov, D. Fu, X. Liu, G. G. Abad, K. Chance,
R. Suileman, C. Li, and P. Bhartia, The Ozone Monitoring Instrument:
Overview of twelve years in space, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 5699-5745,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-5699-2018, 2018.
Ball, W.T., J. Alsing, J. Staehelin, T. Peter, D. J. Mortlock,
J. D. Haigh, F. Tummon, R. Stubli, A. Stenke, J. Anderson,
A. Bourassa, S. Davis, D. Degenstein, S. Frith, L. Froidevaux,
G. Labow, C. Roth, V. Sofieva, R. Wang, J. Wild, J. Ziemke, and
E. V. Rozanov, Evidence for a continuous decline in lower
stratospheric ozone offsetting ozone layer recovery ,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 18, 1379-1394,
https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-1379-2018, 2018.
Year 2017:
Ziemke, J. R., S. A. Strode, A. R. Douglass, J. Joiner, A. Vasilkov,
L. D. Oman, J. Liu, S. E. Strahan, P. K. Bhartia, D. P. Haffner, A
cloud-ozone data product from Aura OMI and MLS satellite measurements,
Atmos. Meas. Tech., 10, 40674078,
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-10-4067-2017, 2017.
Strode, S. A., A. R. Douglass, J. R. Ziemke, M. Manyin, J. E. Nielsen,
and L. D. Oman, A model and satellite-based analysis of the
tropospheric ozone distribution in clear versus convectively cloudy
conditions, J. Geophys. Res., 122, 11,94811,960,
doi:10.1002/2017JD027015, 2017.
Ziemke, J. R., and O. R. Cooper, Tropospheric ozone, in State of the
Climate in 2016, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 98, S52-S54, 2017.
Liu, J. J. M. Rodriguez, S. D. Steenrod, A. R. Douglass, J. A. Logan,
M. A. Olsen, K. Wargan, and J. R. Ziemke, Causes of inter-annual
variability over the southern hemispheric tropospheric ozone maximum,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 3279-3299, doi:10.5194/acp-17-3279-2017, 2017.
Year 2016:
Ziemke, J. R., and O. R. Cooper, Tropospheric ozone, in State of the
Climate in 2015, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 97, 73-75, 2016.
Benedetti, A., F. Di Giuseppe, J. Flemming, A. Inness, M. Parrington,
S. Remy, and J. R. Ziemke, Atmospheric composition changes due to the
extreme 2015 Indonesian fire season triggered by El Niño,
Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. State of the Climate in 2015, S56-S57,
2016.
Year 2015:
Cooper, O. R., and J. R. Ziemke, Tropospheric ozone, in State of the
Climate in 2014, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 96, 7, 548-549, 2015.
Ziemke, J. R., A. R. Douglass, L. D. Oman, S. E. Strahan, and
B. N. Duncan, Tropospheric ozone variability in the tropical Pacific
from ENSO to MJO and shorter timescales, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 15,
8037-8049, doi:10.5194/acp-15-8037-2015, 2015.
Labow, G. J., J. R. Ziemke, R. D. McPeters, D. P. Haffner, and
P. K. Bhartia, A total ozone-dependent ozone profile climatology based
on ozonesondes and Aura MLS data, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120,
2537-2545, doi:10.1002/2014JD022634, 2015.
Wargan, K., S. Pawson, M. A. Olsen, J. C. Witte, A. R. Douglass,
J. R. Ziemke, S. E. Strahan, and J. E. Nielsen, The global structure
of upper troposphere-lower stratosphere ozone in GEOS-5: A multiyear
assimilation of EOS Aura data, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 120, 20132036,
doi:10.1002/2014JD022493., 2015.
Year 2014:
Cooper, O. R., and J. R. Ziemke, Tropospheric ozone, in State of the
Climate in 2013, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 95 (7), S42,
doi:10.1175/2014BAMSStateoftheLimate.1, 2014.
Cooper, O. R., D. D. Parrish, J. R. Ziemke, N. V. Balashov,
M. Cupeiro, I. Galbally, S. Gilge, L. Horowitz, N. R. Jensen, J.-F
Lamarque, V. Naik, S. J. Oltmans, J. Schwab, D. T. Shindell,
A. M. Thompson, V. Thouret, Y. Wang, and R. M. Zbinden, Global
distribution and trends of tropospheric ozone: An observation-based
review, Elementa: Science of the Anthropocne, 2, 000029,
doi:10.12952/journal.elementa.000029, 2014.
Ziemke, J. R., M. A. Olsen, J. C. Witte, A. R. Douglass,
S. E. Strahan, K. Wargan, X. Liu, M. R. Schoeberl, K Yang,
T. B. Kaplan, S. Pawson, B. N. Duncan, P. A. Newman, P. K. Bhartia,
M. K. Heney, Assessment and applications of NASA ozone data products
derived from Aura OMI/MLS satellite measurements in context of the GMI
Chemical Transport Model, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119,
5671-5699,doi:10.1002/2013JD020914, 2014.
Year 2013:
Cooper, O. R., and J. R. Ziemke, Tropospheric ozone, in State of the
Climate in 2012, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., S38-S39, 2013.
Oman, L. D., A. R. Douglass, J. R. Ziemke, J. M. Rodriguez,
D. W. Waugh, and J. E. Nielsen, The ozone response to ENSO in Aura
satellite measurements and a chemistry climate simulation, J. Geophys.
Res., 118, 965-976, doi:10.1029/2012JD018546, 2013.
Year 2012:
Yuan, T., L. A. Remer, H. Bian, J. R. Ziemke, R. Albrecht, et al.,
Aerosol indirect effect on tropospheric ozone via cloud lightning,
J. Geophys. Res., 117, D18213, doi:10.1029/2012JD017723, 2012.
Ziemke, J. R., and S. Chandra, Development of a climate record of
tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone from satellite remote
sensing: Evidence of an early recovery of global stratospheric ozone,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 5737-5753, doi:10.5194/acp-12-5737-2012, 2012.
Year 2011:
Oman, L. D., J. R. Ziemke, A. R. Douglass, D. W. Waugh, C. Lang,
J. M. Rodriguez, and J. E. Nielsen, The response of tropical
tropospheric ozone to ENSO, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L13706,
doi:10.1029/2011GL047865, 2011.
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, G. J. Labow, P. K. Bhartia, L. Froidevaux,
and J. C. Witte, A global climatology of tropospheric and
stratospheric ozone derived from Aura OMI and MLS measurements,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 9237-9251, doi:10.5194/acp-11-9237-2011, 2011.
Year 2010:
Kar, J., J. Fishman, J. K. Creilson, A. Richter, J. R. Ziemke, and
S. Chandra, Are there urban signatures in the tropospheric ozone
column products derived from satellite measurements?, Atmos. Chem.
Phys., 10, 5213-5222, doi:10.5194/acp-10-5213-2010, 2010.
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, L. D. Oman, and P. K. Bhartia, A new ENSO
index derived from satellite measurements of column ozone,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 3711-3721, 2010.
Law, K., D. Parrish, S. Arnold, et al., Observational Evidence and
Capabilities Related to Intercontinental Transport of Ozone and
Particulate Matter, 2010 Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (HTAP)
report, Eco. Comm. Europe, 2010.
Avery, M., C. Twohy, D. McCabe, J. Joiner, K. Severance, E. Atlas,
D. Blake, T. P. Bui, J. Crounse, J. Dibb, G. Diskin, P. Lawson,
M. McGill, D. Rogers, G. Sachse, E. Scheuer, A. M. Thompson,
C. Trepte, P. Wennberg, and J. R. Ziemke, Convective distribution of
tropospheric ozone and tracers in the Central American ITCZ region:
Evidence from observations during TC4. J. Geophys. Res., 115,
doi:10.1029/2009JD013450, 2010.
Year 2009:
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, B. N. Duncan, M. R. Schoeberl, M. R. Damon,
O. Torres, and P. K. Bhartia, Recent biomass burning events in the
tropics and elevated concentrations of tropospheric ozone, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 36, L15819, doi:10.1029/2009GL039303, 2009.
Chandra, S., J. R. Ziemke, B. N. Duncan, T. L. Diehl, N. Livesey, and
L. Froidevaux, Effects of the 2006 El Nino on tropospheric ozone and
carbon monoxide: Implications for dynamics and biomass burning,
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4239-4249, doi:10.5194/acp-9-4239-2009, 2009.
Ziemke, J. R., J. Joiner, S. Chandra, P. K. Bhartia, A. Vasilkov,
D. P. Haffner, K. Yang, M. R. Schoeberl, L. Froidevaux, and
P. F. Levelt, Ozone mixing ratios inside tropical deep convective
clouds from OMI satellite measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9,
573-583, doi: 10.5194/acp-9-573-2009, 2009.
Year 2008:
Fishman, J., K. W. Bowman, J. P. Burrows, A. Richter, K. V. Chance,
D. P. Edwards, R. V. Martin, G. A. Morris, R. B. Pierce, J. R. Ziemke,
J. A. Al-Saadi, T. K. Schaack, and A. M. Thompson, et al., Remote
sensing of chemically reactive tropospheric trace gases from space,
Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 89 (6), 805-821, 2008.
Duncan, B. N., J. J. West, Y. Yoshida, A. M. Fiore, and J. R. Ziemke,
The influence of European pollution on ozone in the Near East and
northern Africa, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2267-2283, 2008.
Year 2007:
Schoeberl, M. R., J. R. Ziemke, B. Bojkov, N. Livesey, B. Duncan, et
al., A trajectory-based estimate of the tropospheric ozone column
using the residual method, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D24S49,
doi:10.1029/2007JD008773, 2007.
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, M. R. Schoeberl, L. Froidevaux, W. G. Read,
P. F. Levelt, and P. K. Bhartia, Intra-seasonal variability in
tropospheric ozone and water vapor in the tropics,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L17804, doi:10.1029/2007GL030965, 2007.
Sauvage, B., R. V. Martin, A. van Donkelaar, and J. R. Ziemke,
Quantification of the factors controlling tropical tropospheric ozone
and the South Atlantic maximum, J. Geophys. Res., 112 (D11) D11309,
doi:1029/2006JD008008, 2007.
Chandra, S., J. R. Ziemke, M. R. Schoeberl, L. Froidevaux, W. G. Read,
P. F. Levelt, and P. K. Bhartia, Effects of the 2004 El Nino on
tropospheric ozone and water vapor, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L06802,
doi:10.1029/2006GL028779, 2007.
Martin, R. V., B. Sauvage, I. Folkins, C. E. Sioris, C. Boone,
P. Bernath, and J. R. Ziemke, Space-based constraints on the
production of nitric oxide by lightning, J. Geophys. Res., 112,
D09309, doi:10.1029/2006JD007831, 2007.
Year 2006:
Tie, X., S. Chandra, J. R. Ziemke, C. Granier, and G. P. Brasseur,
Satellite Measurements of tropospheric column O3 and NO2 in eastern
and southeastern asia: Comparison with a global model (MOZART-2),
J. Atmos. Chem., doi:10.1007/s10874-006-9045-7, 2006.
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, B. N. Duncan, L. Froidevaux, P. K. Bhartia,
P. F. Levelt, and J. W. Waters, Tropospheric ozone determined from
Aura OMI and MLS: Evaluation of measurements and comparison with the
Global Modeling Initiative's Chemical Transport Model,
J. Geophys. Res., 111, D19303, doi:10.1029/2006JD007089, 2006.
Year 2005:
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, and P. K. Bhartia, A 25-year data record of
atmospheric ozone from TOMS Cloud Slicing: Implications for trends in
stratospheric and tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 110, D15105,
doi:10.1029/2004JD005687, 2005.
Year 2004:
Chandra, S., J. R. Ziemke, X. Tie, and G. Brasseur, Elevated ozone in
the troposphere over the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans in the northern
hemisphere, Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L23102, doi:10.1029/2004GL020821,
2004.
Year 2003:
Ziemke, J. R., and S. Chandra, A Madden-Julian Oscillation in
tropospheric ozone, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(23), 2182,
doi:10.1029/2003GL018523, 2003.
Ahn, C., J. R. Ziemke, S. Chandra, and P. K. Bhartia, Derivation of
tropospheric column ozone from EPTOMS/GOES co-located data sets using
the Cloud Slicing technique, J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys., 65 (10),
1127-1137, 2003.
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, and P. K. Bhartia, Upper tropospheric ozone
derived from the Cloud Slicing technique: Implications for large-scale
convection, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 4390,
doi:10.1029/2002JD002919, 2003.
Chandra, S., J. R. Ziemke, and R. V. Martin, Tropospheric ozone at
tropical and middle latitudes derived from TOMS/MLS residual:
Comparison with a global model, J. Geophys. Res., 108(D9), 4291,
doi:10.1029/2002JD002912, 2003.
Ziemke, J. R., and S. Chandra, La Nina and El Nino induced
variabilities of ozone in the tropical lower atmosphere during
1970-2001, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(3), 1142, doi:10.1029/2002GL016387,
2003.
Ziemke, J. R., Tropospheric data from the United States, 55-58, in
"Sounding the troposphere from space: a new era for atmospheric
chemistry", P. Borrell, P. M. Borrell, J. P. Burrows, and U. Platt,
editors, Springer-Verlag, Germany, pp. 446, 2003.
Year 2002:
Chandra, S., J. R. Ziemke, P. K. Bhartia, and R. V. Martin, Tropical
tropospheric ozone: Implications for dynamics and biomass burning,
J. Geophys. Res., 107(D14), 4188, doi:10.1029/2001JD00044, 2002.
Year 2001:
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, and P. K. Bhartia, "Cloud slicing": A new
technique to derive upper tropospheric ozone from satellite
measurements, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 9853-9867, 2001.
Year 2000:
Morris, G. A., J. Gleason, J. R. Ziemke, and M. R. Schoeberl, An
evaluation of trajectory mapping as a tool for validation of trace gas
observations, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 17,875-17,894, 2000.
Martin, R. V., D. J. Jacob, J. A. Logan, J. R. Ziemke, and
R. Washington, Detection of lightning influence on tropical
tropospheric ozone using empirical orthogonal functions,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 27, 1639-1642, 2000.
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, and P. K. Bhartia, A new NASA data
product: Tropospheric and stratospheric column ozone in the tropics
derived from TOMS measurements, Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., 81,
580-583, 2000.
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, J. Herman, and C. Varotsos, Erythemal
weighted ultraviolet trends over northern latitudes,
Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 91, 157-160, 2000.
Year 1999:
Ziemke, J. R., and S. Chandra, Seasonal and interannual
variabilities in tropical tropospheric ozone, J. Geophys. Res., 104,
21,425-21,442, 1999.
Chandra S., J. R. Ziemke, and R. W. Stewart, An 11-year solar-cycle
in tropospheric ozone from TOMS measurements, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26,
185-188, 1999.
Year 1998:
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, and P. K. Bhartia, Two new methods for
deriving tropospheric column ozone from TOMS measurements: The
assimilated UARS MLS/HALOE and convective-cloud differential
techniques, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 22,115-22,127,
doi:10.1029/98JD01567, 1998.
Chandra, S., J. R. Ziemke, W. Min, and W. G. Read, Effects of
1997-1998 El Nino on tropospheric ozone and water vapor,
Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3867-3870, 1998.
Ziemke, J. R., and S. Chandra, Comment on "Tropospheric ozone
derived from TOMS/SBUV measurements during TRACE A" by J. Fishman et
al., J. Geophys. Res., 103, 13,903-13,906, 1998.
Ziemke, J. R., and S. Chandra, On tropospheric ozone and the
tropical wave 1 in total ozone, Atmospheric Ozone, Vol. 1, edited by
R. D. Bojkov and G. Visconti, pp. 447-450, 1998.
Year 1996:
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, A. M. Thompson, and D. P. McNamara, Zonal
asymmetries in southern hemisphere column ozone: Implications of
biomass burning, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 14,421-14,427, 1996.
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TREND ANALYSIS SOFTWARE, ETC.:
MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION SOURCE CODES FOR
TREND ANALYSIS AND GENERAL SCIENCE APPLICATIONS (both Fortran and IDL
software - includes example programs). The trend analysis codes
originate from Ziemke et al. [1997]:
Ziemke, J. R., S. Chandra, R. D. McPeters, and P. Newman,
Dynamical proxies of column ozone with applications to global
trend models, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6117-6129, 1997.
(If you use the regression trend routine(s) for published work, you
may if you want list this paper as the reference to these trend
programs.) Ziemke et al. [1997] used a Monte Carlo statistical
approach. The multi-variate statistics built into the trend code can
be turned off and replaced by a Monte Carlo method by adding random
noise to the independent proxies.
FORTRAN CODE for the exact solution
(i.e., angles, distances, times, orbital speeds) to the general
two-body gravitational problem with two arbitrary masses.
FORTRAN CODE for determining the
locations and stability of the five Lagrangian points for the
generalized three-body problem with two large masses and one
infinitesimally small mass.
Short glossary of commonly-used terms in Atmospheric Science
(all pages are GIF IMAGES): PAGE1,
PAGE2, PAGE3,
PAGE4, PAGE5,
PAGE6.
SHORT GLOSSARY (text file) of
commonly-used terms in Atmospheric Science from the University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
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CONTACT PERSON:
Dr. Jerry R. Ziemke
NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center
Code 614, Chemistry and
Dynamics Branch
Greenbelt, Maryland, 20771
Office phone: 301-614-6034
Office Fax: 301-614-5903
Email: jerald.r.ziemke@nasa.gov
Current Affiliation:
Morgan State University, Baltimore,
Maryland
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Web Curator: Dr. Jerry R. Ziemke (NASA GSFC Code 614
and Morgan St. Univ. GESTAR)
Responsible NASA official: Dr. P. K. Bhartia, Atmospheric
Chemistry and Dynamics Branch, NASA GSFC Code 614
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