@inproceedings{omno2-atbd, Author = {Boersma, K.~F. and Bucsela, E. and Brinksma, E. and Gleason, J.~F.}, Booktitle = {OMI Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Volume IV: Trace Gas Algorithms}, Chapter = {4}, Edition = {2}, Editor = {Chance, K.}, Month = sep, Pages = {15-36}, Publisher = {KNMI, NASA/GSFC, FMI}, Title = {{N}{O}$_2$}, Year = {2002}} @article{geos-chem, Author = {Martin, R.~V. and {\it others}}, Title = {GEOS-CHEM title}, Year = {????}} @phdthesis{spurr-thesis, Author = {Spurr, R.~J.~D.}, Title = {Linearized Radiative Transfer Theory: A General Discrete Ordinate Approach to the Calculation of Radiances and Analytic Weighting Functions, with Application to Atmospheric Remote Sensing}, Year = {2001}, School = {Technical University of Eindhoven, The Netherlands}} @article{spurr2001, Author = {Spurr, R.~J.~D. and Kurosu, T.~P. and Chance, K.~V.}, Title = {A Linearized discrete Ordinate Radiative Transfer Model for Atmospheric Remote Sensing Retrieval}, Journal = jqsrt, Volume = {68}, Pages = {689--735}, Year = {2001}} @inproceedings{omcldo2-atbd, Author = {Acarreta, Juan R. and de Haan, Johan F.}, Booktitle = {OMI Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Volume III: Clouds, Aerosols, and Surface UV Irradiance}, Chapter = {2}, Edition = {2}, Editor = {Stammes, Piet}, Month = aug, Pages = {17-29}, Publisher = {KNMI, NASA/GSFC, FMI}, Title = {Cloud pressure algorithm based on {$\mathrm{O_2}$--$\mathrm{O_2}$} absorption}, Year = {2002}} @article{acarreta2004, Author = {Acarreta, J. R. and de Haan, J. F. and Stammes, P.}, Doi = {10.1029/2003JD003915}, Journal = jgr, Pages = {D05204}, Title = {Cloud pressure retrieval using the {$\mathrm{O_2}$--$\mathrm{O_2}$} absorption band at {477\,nm}}, Volume = {109}, Year = {2004}, Annote = {We present an operational method for cloud pressure retrieval from the Earth's reflectance spectrum in the visible, using the {\doubleOtwo} absorption band at 477\,nm. The algorithm is simple and robust. Apart from cloud pressure, an effective cloud fraction is also retrieved. Using simulations and Global Ozone Monitoring Instrument (GOME) data the accuracy of the {\doubleOtwo} retrieval method is estimated. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), to be space-borne on board the EOS-AURA platform in 2004, will use this algorithm to produce an official cloud product. The cloud product will be used to support the cloud correction of several of the OMI trace gas retrievals.}} @techreport{MA-OMIGS-0700-SSF-041, Author = {Ahonen, Risto and Johansson, Jussi}, Institution = {Space Systems Finland}, Month = feb, Number = {MA-OMIGS-0700-SSF-041}, Title = {OMI-GS Cloud {PGE}, software user manual}, Year = {2003}} @techreport{Anderson1986, Address = {Hanscom AFB, MA}, Author = {Anderson, G. P. and Clough, S. A. and Kneizys, F. X. and Chetwynd, J. H. and Shettle, E. P.}, Institution = {Air Force Geophysics Laboratory}, Number = {AFGL-TR-86-0110}, Owner = {sneepm}, Timestamp = {2007.01.22}, Title = {{AFGL} Atmospheric Constituent Profiles}, Year = {1986}} @book{barlow1989, Author = {Barlow, R. J.}, Publisher = {John Wiley \& Sons}, Series = {The Manchester Physics series}, Title = {Statistics, a guide to the use of statistical methods in the physical sciences}, Year = {1989}} @article{bass1975, Author = {Bass and Johnsten}, Year = {1975}} @article{Boersma2004, Author = {Boersma, K. F. and Eskes, H. J. and Brinksma, E. J.}, Doi = {10.1029/2003JD003962}, Journal = jgr, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {D04311}, Timestamp = {2006.11.21}, Title = {Error analysis for tropospheric {$\mathrm{NO_2}$} retrieval from space}, Volume = {109}, Year = {2004}} @article{Boersma2006, Author = {Boersma, K. F. and Eskes, H. J. and Veefkind, J. P. and Brinksma, E. J. and van der A, R. J. and Sneep, M. and van den Oord, G. H. J. and Levelt, P. F. and Stammes, P. and Gleason, J. F. and Bucsela, E. J.}, Eid = {1680-7375/acpd/2006-6-12301}, Journal = {Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss.}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {12301-12345}, Timestamp = {2007.01.17}, Title = {Near-real time retrieval of tropospheric {$\mathrm{NO_2}$} from {OMI}}, Url = {http://overview.sref.org/1680-7375/acpd/2006-6-12301}, Volume = {6}, Year = {2006}, Abstract = {We present a new algorithm for the near-real time retrieval -- within 3 h of the actual satellite measurement -- of tropospheric NO2 columns from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The retrieval system is based on the combined retrieval-assimilation-modelling approach developed at KNMI for off-line tropospheric NO2 from the GOME and SCIAMACHY satellite instruments. We have adapted the off-line system such that the required a priori information ndash; profile shapes and stratospheric background NO2 ndash; is now immediately available upon arrival of the OMI NO2 slant columns and cloud data at KNMI. Slant column NO2 and cloud information arrives at KNMI typically within 80 min of actual OMI observations. Slant columns for NO2 are retrieved using differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) in the 405--465 nm range. Cloud fraction and cloud pressure are provided by a new cloud retrieval algorithm that uses the absorption of the O2--O2 collision complex near 477 nm. On-line availability of stratospheric slant columns and NO2 profiles is achieved by running the TM4 chemistry transport model (CTM) forward in time based on forecast ECMWF meteo and assimilated NO2 information from all previously observed orbits. OMI NO2 slant columns, after correction for spurious across-track variability, show a random error for individual pixels of approximately {$0.7\times10^{15}$} molec cm{$^{-2}$}. As NO2 retrievals are very sensitive to clouds, we evaluated the consistency of cloud fraction and cloud pressure from the new O2--O2 (OMI) algorithm and from the Fast Retrieval Scheme for Cloud Observables (FRESCO). Cloud parameters from the O2--O2 (OMI) algorithm have similar frequency distributions as cloud parameters retrieved from FRESCO (SCIAMACHY) for August 2006. On average, OMI cloud fractions are higher by 0.011, and OMI cloud pressures exceed FRESCO cloud pressures by 60 hPa. As a consistency check, we intercompared OMI near-real time NO2 columns measured at 13:45 h local time to SCIAMACHY off-line NO2 columns measured at 10:00 h local time. In August 2006, both instruments observe very similar spatial patterns of tropospheric NO2 columns, and small differences for most locations on Earth where tropospheric NO2 columns are small. For regions that are strongly polluted, SCIAMACHY observes higher tropospheric NO2 columns than OMI.}} @article{brinksma2007, Author = {Brinksma, E. J. and G. Pinardi and R. Braak and H. Volten and A. Richter and A. Sch{\"o}nhardt and M. van Roozendael and C. Fayt and C. Hermans and R. J. Dirksen and T. Vlemmix and A. J. C. Berkhout and D. P. J. Swart and H.Oetjen and F. Wittrock and T. Wagner and O. W. Ibrahim and G. de Leeuw and M. Moerman and R. L. Curier and E. A. Celarier and W. H. Knap and J. P. Veefkind and H. J. Eskes and M. Allaart and R. Rothe and A. J. M. Piters and P. F. Levelt}, Journal = jgr, Owner = {brinksma}, Pages = {---}, Timestamp = {2007.01.13}, Title = {The 2005 and 2006 {DANDELIONS} {NO$_2$} and Aerosol Validation Campaigns}, Volume = {---}, Year = {2007}} @article{braak2007, Author = {Braak, C. J. and others}, Journal = jgr, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {---}, Timestamp = {2006.10.20}, Title = {{OMI} Aerosol validation}, Volume = {---}, Year = {2007}} @article{bucsela2006, Author = {Bucsela, Eric. J. and Celarier, Edward A. and Wenig, Mark O. and Gleason, James F. and Veefkind, J. Pepijn and Booersma, K. Folkert and Brinksma, Ellen J.}, Doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2005.863715}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1245-1258}, Title = {Algorithm for {$\mathrm{NO_2}$} vertical column retrieval from the {Ozone Monitoring Instrument}}, Volume = {44}, Year = {2006}, Abstract = {We describe the operational algorithm for the retrieval of stratospheric, tropospheric, and total column densities of nitrogen dioxide (NO/sub 2/) from earthshine radiances measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), aboard the EOS-Aura satellite. The algorithm uses the DOAS method for the retrieval of slant column NO/sub 2/ densities. Air mass factors (AMFs) calculated from a stratospheric NO/sub 2/ profile are used to make initial estimates of the vertical column density. Using data collected over a 24-h period, a smooth estimate of the global stratospheric field is constructed. Where the initial vertical column densities exceed the estimated stratospheric field, we infer the presence of tropospheric NO/sub 2/, and recalculate the vertical column density (VCD) using an AMF calculated from an assumed tropospheric NO/sub 2/ profile. The parameters that control the operational algorithm were selected with the aid of a set of data assembled from stratospheric and tropospheric chemical transport models. We apply the optimized algorithm to OMI data and present global maps of NO/sub 2/ VCDs for the first time.}} @article{Buriez1997, Author = {Buriez, J.C. and Vanbauce, C. and Parol, F. and Goloub, P. and Herman, M. and Bonnel, B. and Fouquart, Y. and Couvert, P. and S\`{e}ze, G.}, Doi = {10.1080/014311697217332}, Journal = {Int. J. Remote Sens.}, Month = sep, Number = {13}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {2785-2813}, Timestamp = {2007.01.03}, Title = {Cloud detection and derivation of cloud properties from {POLDER}}, Volume = {18}, Year = {1997}, Abstract = {POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances) is a new instrument devoted to the globalobservation of the polarization and directionality of solar radiation reflected by the Earth surface-atmosphere system. This radiometer has been on board the Japanese ADEOS platform since August 1996. This paper describes the main algorithms of the POLDER 'Earth radiation budget (ERB) & clouds' processing line used to derive products on a routine basis in the early phase of the mission. In addition to the bidirectional reflectance and polarization distribution functions, the main products will be the cloud optical thickness, pressure (from two different methods) and thermodynamic phase. Airborne POLDER observations support the present algorithms for the cloud detection and the derivation of cloud properties.}} @article{Labonnote2000, Author = {C.-Labonnote, L. and Brogniez, G. and Gayet, J. F. and Doutriaux-Boucher, M. and Buriez, J. C.}, Journal = grl, Number = {1}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {113-116}, Timestamp = {2007.01.03}, Title = {Modeling of light scattering in cirrus clouds with inhomogeneous hexagonal monocrystals. Comparison with in-situ and {ADEOS-POLDER} measurement}, Volume = {27}, Year = {2000}, Abstract = {An Inhhomogeneous Hexagonal Monocrystal (IHM) model is used to simulate light scattering by randomly oriented hexagonal ice crystals containing air bubbles. This model based on a combination of ray-tracing, Mie theory and Monte-Carlo techniques, allows to retrieve the scattering phase function. In-situ measurements of the light scattering diagram in natural cirrus clouds with an airborne nephelometer have been performed. The results given by the IHM model have been favorably adjusted with these measurements. This agreement provides an opportunity to use this model in order to analyze ADEOS-POLDER reflectance measurements over cirrus clouds. POLDER uses an original concept to measure, for a given scene, total and polarized reflectances under several viewing directions. A first analysis of cirrus cloud spherical albedoes for the 10th November 1996 shows a rather good agreement between measurements and calculations.}} @article{Chance1997, Author = {Chance, Kelly V. and Spurr, Robert J. D.}, Journal = ao, Month = jul, Number = {21}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {5224-5230}, Timestamp = {2007.01.18}, Title = {{Ring} effect studies: {Rayleigh} scattering, including molecular parameters for rotational {Raman} scattering, and the {Fraunhofer} spectrum}, Volume = {36}, Year = {1997}, Abstract = {Improved parameters for the description of Rayleigh scattering in air and for the detailed rotational Raman scattering component for scattering by O2 and N2 are presented for the wavelength range 200 -1000 nm. These parameters enable more accurate calculations to be made of bulk molecular scattering and of the Ring effect for a variety of atmospheric radiative transfer and constituent retrieval applications. A solar reference spectrum with accurate absolute vacuum wavelength calibration, suitable for convolution with the rotational Raman spectrum for Ring effect calculations, has been produced at 0.01-nm resolution from several sources. It is convolved with the rotational Raman spectra of O2 and N2 to produce an atmospheric Ring effect source spectrum.}} @techreport{rp-omie-knmi-335, Author = {Claas, J. J.}, Institution = {KNMI}, Month = jun, Number = {SD-OMIE-KNMI-335}, Title = {{OMIS} Activity Definitions}, Url = {http://www.knmi.nl/omi/documents/operations/RP-OMIE-KNMI-335_i1.pdf}, Year = {2002}} @article{Clothiaux2000, Author = {Clothiaux, E. E. and Ackerman, T. P. and Mace, G. G. and Moran, K. P. and Marchand, R. T. and Miller, M. A. and Martner, B. E.}, Doi = {10.1175/1520-0450(2000)039<0645:ODOCHA>2.0.CO;2}, Journal = {J. Appl. Meteor.}, Month = {may}, Number = {5}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {645-665}, Timestamp = {2007.01.03}, Title = {Objective determination of cloud heights and radar reflectivities using a combination of active remote sensors at the {ARM} {CART} sites}, Volume = {39}, Year = {2000}, Abstract = {The U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is deploying sensitive, millimeter-wave cloud radars at its Cloud and Radiation Test Bed (CART) sites in Oklahoma, Alaska, and the tropical western Pacific Ocean. The radars complement optical devices, including a Belfort or Vaisala laser ceilometer and a micropulse lidar, in providing a comprehensive source of information on the vertical distribution of hydrometeors overhead at the sites. An algorithm is described that combines data from these active remote sensors to produce an objective determination of hydrometeor height distributions and estimates of their radar reflectivities, vertical velocities, and Doppler spectral widths, which are optimized for accuracy. These data provide fundamental information for retrieving cloud microphysical properties and assessing the radiative effects of clouds on climate. The algorithm is applied to nine months of data from the CART site in Oklahoma for initial evaluation. Much of the algorithm's calculations deal with merging and optimizing data from the radar's four sequential operating modes, which have differing advantages and limitations, including problems resulting from range sidelobes, range aliasing, and coherent averaging. Two of the modes use advanced phase-coded pulse compression techniques to yield approximately 10 and 15 dB more sensitivity than is available from the two conventional pulse modes. Comparison of cloud-base heights from the Belfort ceilometer and the micropulse lidar confirms small biases found in earlier studies, but recent information about the ceilometer brings the agreement to within 20--30 m. Merged data of the radar's modes were found to miss approximately 5.9% of the clouds detected by the laser systems. Using data from only the radar's two less-sensitive conventional pulse modes would increase the missed detections to 22%--34%. A significant remaining problem is that the radar's lower-altitude data are often contaminated with echoes from nonhydrometeor targets, such as insects.}} @book{Deirmendjian1969, Address = {New York}, Author = {Deirmendjian, D.}, Isbn = {444-00038-0}, Owner = {sneepm}, Publisher = {Elsevier}, Timestamp = {2007.01.22}, Title = {Elecromagnetic scattering on spherical polydispersions}, Year = {1969}} @article{Deschamps1994, Author = {Deschamps, P.Y. and Breon, F.M. and Leroy, M. and Podaire, A. and Bricaud, A. and Buriez, J.-C. and S\`{e}ze, G.}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Number = {5}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {598-615}, Timestamp = {2007.01.03}, Title = {The {POLDER} mission: Instrument characteristics ans scientific objectives}, Volume = {32}, Year = {1994}, Abstract = {This paper introduces the new Polarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances (POLDER) instrument. The spaceborne POLDER sensor, which is selected to fly aboard the Japanese ADEOS satellite scheduled for launch in early 1996, has nearly completed phase C of its development at the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, the French space agency. To prepare for the 1996 space mission, airborne prototypes are being tested and evaluated in the framework of various measurement campaigns. The POLDER sensor is designed to collect global observations of polarized and directional solar radiation reflected by the Earth-atmosphere system for climate and global change studies. Aboard the ADEOS platform, the POLDER mission will provide near-daily coverage of the Earth at 6x7 km(2) resolution. The POLDER system will offer unprecedented opportunities to observe biophysical parameters over the oceans and land surfaces. The sensor's unique features, when compared to current and planned spaceborne instruments, include its ability to: 1) measure polarized reflectance in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions; 2) observe Earth target reflectance from 12 directions during a single satellite pass; and 3) operate in two dynamic modes in order to achieve both high signal to noise ratio and wide dynamic range. Six of POLDER's eight channels are optimized for observing atmospheric aerosols, clouds, ocean color, and land surfaces. The other two are centered on the H(2)O and O(2) absorption bands for retrieving atmospheric water vapor amount and cloud top altitude, respectively. POLDER data will be subject to the high calibration standards defined by the POLDER mission team, with absolute calibration accuracies of 2% for the shorter wavelength channels (lambda⩽565 nm) and 3% for the longer wavelengths. A 1% accuracy is the goal for the intercalibration between the spectral channels. The POLDER instrument aboard ADEOS will contribute significantly to climate-related research on aerosol cycling, cloud-radiation interactions, the Earth radiation budget, ocean primary productivity, and continental biosphere dynamics. POLDER mission's scientific objectives will be to: 1) map atmospheric aerosols, including their sources and transport, and study their influence on the Earth radiation budget; 2) assess cloud properties, namely their height, phase and type; 3) estimate total integrated water vapor amount; 4) improve Earth radiation budget estimates; 5) estimate chlorophyll-like pigment content in the ocean surface layer and its role in the carbon cycle; and 6) characterize land surface properties and vegetation cover}} @misc{dissanaike2003, Author = {Dissanaike, Gishan and Wang, Shiyun}, Doi = {10.2139/ssrn.407560}, Journal = {Social science research network}, Note = {Electronic paper no. 407560}, Title = {A critical examination of orthogonal regression}, Urlx = {http://ssrn.com/abstract=407560}, Year = {2003}} @book{Goody1964, Address = {Oxford}, Author = {Goody, R. M.}, Owner = {sneepm}, Publisher = {Clarendon Press}, Timestamp = {2007.01.03}, Title = {Atmospheric Radiation {I.} Theoretical Basis}, Year = {1964}} @article{greenblatt1990, Author = {Greenblatt, Gary D. and Orlando, John J. and B.Burkholder, James and Ravishankara, A. R.}, Day = {20}, Journal = jgr, Month = oct, Number = {D11}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {18577-18582}, Timestamp = {2007.01.03}, Title = {Absorption measurements of {Oxygen} between {330} and {{1140}\,nm}}, Volume = {95}, Year = {1990}, Annote = {The absorption spectrum of {\Oxygen} and {\Otwotwo} collision pairs were measured over the wavelength range from {330}to {{1140}\,nm} using pressures of {\Oxygen} from {1} to {{55}\,atm}at {{298}\,K}. Absorption cross sections, pressure dependences,band centers, and full widths at half maximum of the observedabsoprtion bands centered at {343.5}, {360.5} {380.2}, {446.7}, {477.3},{532.2}, {577.2}, {630.0}, {688}, {762}, and {{1065.2}\,nm} are reported.The absorption bands centered at {360.5}, {380.2}, and {{477.3}\,nm}were also measured at {{196}\,K} and their temperature dependenceswere characterized.}} @article{dehaan1987, Author = {de Haan, J. F. and Bosma, P. B. and Hovenier, J. W.}, Journal = {Atron. Astrophys.}, Pages = {371-393}, Title = {The adding method for multiple scattering calculations of polarized light}, Volume = {183}, Year = {1987}} @article{Herman1997, Author = {Herman, J. R. and Celarier, E. A.}, Doi = {10.1029/97JD02074}, Journal = jgr, Number = {D23}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {28003--28012}, Timestamp = {2006.10.20}, Title = {Earth surface reflectivity climatology at 340---380\,nm from {TOMS} data}, Volume = {102}, Year = {1997}, Abstract = {The 340--380 nm (UV) Lambertian equivalent reflectivities (LER) of the Earth's surface, between the latitudes {$\pm70^{\circ}$}, are constructed from 14.5 years of radiances measured by Nimbus-7/total ozone mapping spectrometer (November 1978 to May 1993). The surface LER values are obtained from the minimum reflectivity values for each {$1^{\circ}\times1.25^{\circ}$} (latitude{$\times$}longitude) pixel with statistically improbable outlier values removed. The resulting LER climatology shows low surface reflectivity values over the entire globe at 340 and 380 nm that are nearly independent of wavelength (the difference is less than 0.2%). In general, the LER is lower over the land (2--4%) than over the oceans (5--8%), though both land and water have features outside of these ranges. Monthly maps of LER are derived that include seasonally persistent cloud features, as well as showing seasonal surface variations. There are low reflectivity regions in the ocean coastal waters that appear to be indicative of chlorophyll or silt from wave action or from rivers. There also are mid-ocean areas of comparatively high reflectivity with a seasonal variation that is not solar zenith angle dependent. These areas of high ocean reflectivity correlate with coastal zone color scanner observations that were associated with the absence of phytoplankton (clear water).}} @article{hermans1999, Author = {Hermans, Christian and Vandaele, Ann and Carleer, Michel and Fally, Sophie and Colin, R{\'e}ginald and Jenouvrier, Alain and Coquart, Bernard and M{\'e}rienne, Marie-France}, Journal = envspr, Note = {The spectra are available at \url{http://www.oma.be/BIRA-IASB/}}, Number = {3}, Pages = {151-158}, Title = {Absorption Cross-Sections of Atmospheric Constituents: {NO$_2$}, {O$_2$}, and {H$_2$O}}, Volume = {6}, Year = {1999}, Annote = {Absorption spectroscopy, which is widely used for concentration measurements of tropospheric and stratospheric compounds, requires precise values of the absorption cross-sections of the measured species. NO 2 , O 2 and its collision-induced absorption spectrum, and H 2 O absorption cross-sections have been measured at temperature and pressure conditions prevailing in the Earth's atmosphere. Corrections to the generally accepted analysis procedures used to resolve the convolution problem are also proposed.}} @techreport{TN-OMIGS-0700-SSF-033, Author = {Johansson, Jussie and Ahonen, Risto}, Institution = {Space Systems Finland}, Month = feb, Title = {OMI-GS Cloud {PGE}, detailed processing model}, Year = {2002}} @article{joiner2004, Author = {Joiner, J. and Vasilkov, A. P. and Flittner, D. E. and Gleason, J. F. and Bhartia, P. K.}, Doi = {10.1029/2003JD003698}, Journal = jgr, Number = {D1}, Pages = {D01109}, Title = {Retrieval of cloud pressure and oceanic chlorophyll content using {Raman} scattering in {GOME} ultraviolet spectra}, Volume = {109}, Year = {2004}, Abstract = {Reliable cloud pressure estimates are needed for accurate retrieval of ozone and other trace gases using satellite-borne hyperspectral backscatter ultraviolet (buv) instruments. The cloud pressures should be consistent with the assumptions made in the retrieval algorithms. Cloud pressure can be derived from buv instruments using the properties of rotational-Raman scattering (RRS) and absorption by O2-O2. Here we estimate cloud pressure using the concept of a Lambert-equivalent reflectivity (LER) surface that is also used in many trace gas retrieval algorithms. An LER cloud pressure (P LER) algorithm is being developed for the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) that will fly on NASA EOS Aura. As a demonstration, we apply the approach to data from the global ozone monitoring experiment (GOME) in the 355--400 nm spectral range. GOME has full spectral coverage in this range at relatively high spectral resolution with a very high signal-to-noise ratio. This allows for more accurate estimates of cloud pressure than were possible with its predecessors SBUV and TOMS. We also demonstrate for the first time the retrieval of oceanic chlorophyll content using oceanic Raman scattering in buv observations. We compare our retrieved P LER with cloud top pressures, P top, derived from the infrared ATSR-2 instrument on the same satellite for overcast situations. The findings confirm results from previous studies that showed retrieved P LER from buv observations is systematically higher than IR-derived P top. Simulations using Mie-scattering radiative transfer algorithms with O2-O2 absorption show that these differences can be explained by increased absorption within and below the cloud as well as between multiple cloud decks.}} @article{joiner2006, Author = {Joiner, Joanna and Vassilkov, Alexander P.}, Doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2005.861385}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1272-1282}, Title = {First Results From the {OMI} Rotational {Raman} Scattering Cloud Pressure Algorithm}, Volume = {44}, Year = {2006}, Abstract = {We have developed an algorithm to retrieve scattering cloud pressures and other cloud properties with the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). The scattering cloud pressure is retrieved using the effects of rotational Raman scattering (RRS). It is defined as the pressure of a Lambertian surface that would produce the observed amount of RRS consistent with the derived reflectivity of that surface. The independent pixel approximation is used in conjunction with the Lambertian-equivalent reflectivity model to provide an effective radiative cloud fraction and scattering pressure in the presence of broken or thin cloud. The derived cloud pressures will enable accurate retrievals of trace gas mixing ratios, including ozone, in the troposphere within and above clouds. We describe details of the algorithm that will be used for the first release of these products. We compare our scattering cloud pressures with cloud-top pressures and other cloud properties from the Aqua Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument. OMI and MODIS are part of the so-called A-train satellites flying in formation within 30 min of each other. Differences between OMI and MODIS are expected because the MODIS observations in the thermal infrared are more sensitive to the cloud top whereas the backscattered photons in the ultraviolet can penetrate deeper into clouds. Radiative transfer calculations are consistent with the observed differences. The OMI cloud pressures are shown to be correlated with the cirrus reflectance. This relationship indicates that OMI can probe through thin or moderately thick cirrus to lower lying water clouds.}} @article{king1992a, Author = {King, M. D. and Kaufman, Y. J. and Menzel, W. P. and Tanr{\'e}, D.}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Month = jan, Number = {1}, Pages = {1-27}, Title = {Remote Sensing of Cloud, Aerosol, and Water Vapor Properties from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer ({MODIS})}, Volume = {30}, Year = {1992}} @misc{MODIS-collection-005-cloud-optical-properties-update, Author = {King, Michael D. and Platnick, Steven E. and Hubanks, Paul A. and Arnold, G. Thomas and Wind, Gala and Wind, Brad}, Month = dec, Title = {Collection~005 Change Summary for the MODIS Cloud Optical Property (06\_OD) Algorithm}, Url = {http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/C005_Changes/C005_CloudOpticalProperties_ver22.pdf}, Year = {2005}} @techreport{MODIS-cloud-optical-properties-ATBD, Author = {King, Micheal D. and Tsay, Si-Chee and Platnick, Steven E. and Wang, Menghua and Liou, Kuo-Nan}, Edition = {5}, Institution = {NASA}, Month = dec, Number = {ATBD-MOD-05}, Title = {Cloud retrieval algorithms for {MODIS}: optical thickness, effective particle radius, and thermodynamic phase}, Url = {http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/_docs/atbd_mod05.pdf}, Year = {1998}} @article{koelemeijer2003a, Author = {Koelemeijer, R. B. A. and de Haan, J. F. and Stammes, P.}, Doi = {10.1029/2002JD002429}, Journal = jgr, Number = {D2}, Pages = {4070}, Title = {A database of spectral surface reflectivity in the range {335--772\,nm} derived from 5.5 years of {GOME} observations}, Volume = {108}, Year = {2003}} @article{Koelemeijer2001, Author = {Koelemeijer, R. B. A. and Stammes, P. and Hovenier, J. W. and de Haan, J. F.}, Doi = {10.1029/2000JD900657}, Journal = jgr, Number = {D04}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {3475-3490}, Timestamp = {2006.10.20}, Title = {A fast method for retrieval of cloud parameters using oxygen {A-band} measurements from {GOME}}, Volume = {106}, Year = {2001}} @article{krotkov2006, Author = {Krotkov, Nickolay A. and Carn, Simon A. and Krueger, Arlin J. and Bhartia, Pawan K. and Yang, Kai}, Doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2005.861932}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1259-1266}, Title = {Band residual difference algorithm for retrieval of {$\mathrm{SO_2}$} from the {Aura Ozone Monitoring instrument (OMI)}}, Volume = {44}, Year = {2006}, Abstract = {The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on EOS/Aura offers unprecedented spatial and spectral resolution, coupled with global coverage, for space-based UV measurements of sulfur dioxide (SO/sub 2/). This paper describes an OMI SO/sub 2/ algorithm (the band residual difference) that uses calibrated residuals at SO/sub 2/ absorption band centers produced by the NASA operational ozone algorithm (OMTO3). By using optimum wavelengths for retrieval of SO/sub 2/, the retrieval sensitivity is improved over NASA predecessor Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) by factors of 10 to 20, depending on location. The ground footprint of OMI is eight times smaller than TOMS. These factors produce two orders of magnitude improvement in the minimum detectable mass of SO/sub 2/. Thus, the diffuse boundaries of volcanic clouds can be imaged better and the clouds can be tracked longer. More significantly, the improved sensitivity now permits daily global measurement of passive volcanic degassing of SO/sub 2/ and of heavy anthropogenic SO/sub 2/ pollution to provide new information on the relative importance of these sources for climate studies.}} @article{kurosu2007, Author = {Kurosu, Thomas}, Journal = jgr, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {---}, Timestamp = {2006.10.20}, Title = {Validation status of {BrO}, {OClO}, {HCHO} and other minor trace gases}, Volume = {---}, Year = {2007}} @techreport{OMCLDRR.fs, Author = {Leonard, Peter and Vassilkov, Alexander and Linda, Mike and Joiner, Joanna}, Institution = {SSAI, SAIC, NASA/GSFC}, Month = nov, Number = {0.9.52}, Title = {{OMI/Aura} Cloud Pressure and Fraction ({Raman} Scattering) product file specification}, Url = {https://omiwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/cvs/PGE/OMCLDRR/doc/OMCLDRR.fs}, Year = {2005}} @techreport{RS-OMIE-KNMI-001, Author = {Levelt, P. F. and others}, Coauthor = {R. van der A and P. K. Bhartia and F. Boersma and E. Brinksma and J. Carpay and K. Chance and J. de Haan and E. Hilsenrath and I. Isaksen and H. Kelder and G.W. Leppelmeier and A. {M\"alkki} and R. D. McPeters and R. Noordhoek and G. H. J. van den Oord and R. van Oss and A. Piters and R. Snel and P. Stammes and P. Valks and J. P. Veefkind and P. van Velthoven and R. Voors and M. van Weele}, Edition = {2}, Institution = {KNMI}, Isbn = {90\,369\,2187\,2}, Month = dec, Number = {RS-OMIE-KNMI-001}, Title = {Science Requirements Document for {OMI-EOS}}, Url = {http://www.knmi.nl/omi/documents/science/SRD-Version-2-version-2-of-7-December-2000.pdf}, Year = {2000}} @article{levelt2006_objectives, Author = {Levelt, P. F. and Hilsenrath, E. and Leppelmeier, G. W. and van den Oord, G. H. J. and Bhartia, P. K. and Taminnen, J. and de Haan, J. F. and Veefkind, J. P.}, Doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2006.872336}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1199-1208}, Title = {Science Objectives of the {Ozone Monitoring Instrument}}, Volume = {44}, Year = {2006}, Abstract = {The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) flies on NASA's Earth Observing System AURA satellite, launched in July 2004. OMI is an ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) nadir solar backscatter spectrometer, which provides nearly global coverage in one day, with a spatial resolution of 13 km/spl times/24 km. Trace gases measured include O/sub 3/, NO/sub 2/, SO/sub 2/, HCHO, BrO, and OClO. In addition OMI measures aerosol characteristics, cloud top heights and cloud coverage, and UV irradiance at the surface. OMI's unique capabilities for measuring important trace gases with daily global coverage and a small footprint will make a major contribution to our understanding of stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry and climate change along with Aura's other three instruments. OMI's high spatial resolution enables detection of air pollution at urban scales. Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and differential optical absorption spectroscopy heritage algorithms, as well as new ones developed by the international (Dutch, Finnish, and U.S.) OMI science team, are used to derive OMI's advanced backscatter data products. In addition to providing data for Aura's prime objectives, OMI will provide near-real-time data for operational agencies in Europe and the U.S. Examples of OMI's unique capabilities are presented in this paper.}} @article{gordley1996, Author = {Gordley, LL and Russell, JM and Mickley, LJ and Frederick, JE and Park, JH and Stone, KA and Beaver, GM and McInerney, JM and Deaver, LE and Toon, GC and Murcray, FJ and Blatherwick, RD and Gunson, MR and Abbatt, JPD and Mauldin, RL and Mount, GH and Sen, B and Blavier, JF}, Title= {Validation of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide measurements made by the halogen occultation experiment for {UARS} platform}, Journal= jgr, Year = {1996}, Volume = {101}, Number = {D6}, Pages = {10241-10266}, Doi = {A1996UJ40400034}} @article{levelt2006_instrument, Author = {Levelt, P. F. and van den Oord, G. H. J. and Dobber, M. R. and Malkki, A. and Visser, H. and de Vries, J. and Stammes, P. and Lundell, J. and Saari, H.}, Doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2006.872333}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1093-1101}, Title = {The {Ozone Monitoring Instrument}}, Volume = {44}, Year = {2006}, Abstract = {The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) flies on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System Aura satellite launched in July 2004. OMI is a ultraviolet/visible (UV/VIS) nadir solar backscatter spectrometer, which provides nearly global coverage in one day with a spatial resolution of 13 km/spl times/24 km. Trace gases measured include O/sub 3/, NO/sub 2/, SO/sub 2/, HCHO, BrO, and OClO. In addition, OMI will measure aerosol characteristics, cloud top heights, and UV irradiance at the surface. OMI's unique capabilities for measuring important trace gases with a small footprint and daily global coverage will be a major contribution to our understanding of stratospheric and tropospheric chemistry and climate change. OMI's high spatial resolution is unprecedented and will enable detection of air pollution on urban scale resolution. In this paper, the instrument and its performance will be discussed.}} @article{dobber2006, Author = {Dobber, M.R. and Dirksen, R.J. and Levelt, P.F. and van den Oord, G.H.J. and Voors, R.H.M. and Kleipool, Q. and Jaross, G. and Kowalewski, M. and Hilsenrath, E. and Leppelmeier, G.W. and Johan de Vries and Dierssen, W. and Rozemeijer, N.C.}, Doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2006.869987}, Title = {Ozone monitoring instrument calibration}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Number = {5}, Volume = {44}, Year = {2006}, Pages = {1209-1238}} @book{Mandel1964, Author = {Mandel, John}, Isbn = {978-0486646664}, Owner = {sneepm}, Publisher = {Dover Publications}, Timestamp = {2007.01.23}, Title = {The Statistical Analysis of Experimental Data}, Year = {1984}} @book{finlayson-pitts2000, Author = {Finlayson-Pitts, Barbara J. and Pitts, James N., Jr.}, Isbn = {012-257060X}, Publisher = {Academic Press}, Title = {Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere: Theory, Experiments, and Applications}, Year = {2000}} @techreport{Menzel2002, Author = {Menzel, W. Paul and Baum, Brian A. and Strabala, Kathleen I. and Frey, Richard A.}, Institution = {University of Wisconsin}, Month = sep, Number = {ATBD-MOD-04}, Owner = {sneepm}, Timestamp = {2006.11.03}, Title = {Cloud top properties and cloud phase algorithm theoretical basis document}, Url = {http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/_docs/atbd_mod04.pdf}, Year = {2002}} @article{newnham1998, Author = {Newnham, David A. and Ballard, John}, Day = {27}, Doi = {10.1029/98JD02799}, Journal = jgr, Month = nov, Note = {The spectra are available at URL: \url{http://www.sstd.rl.ac.uk/sg/Data/O4acs/}}, Number = {D22}, Pages = {28801-28815}, Title = {Visible absorption cross sections and integrated absorption intensities of molecular oxygen {(O$_2$ and O$_4$)}}, Volume = {103}, Year = {1998}, Annote = {Absorption spectra of gas-phase molecular oxygen and zero air at temperatures of {223} and {{283}\,K} have been measured in the laboratory using a cooable multipass-optics gas cell andFourier transform spectroscopy in the wavelength range {455} to{{830}\,nm} {({12\,000} -- {22\,000}\,\wn)}. Net absorption cross sections of the {\Oxygen} {$A$}-, {$B$}-, and {$\gamma$}-bands at {$<{0.002}\,\mathrm{nm}$} spectral resolution, and pressures of{100} and {{1000}\,hPa} zero air have been determined. Binary absorption cross sections of the collision-induced {\Ofour} bands at {$< {0.18}\,\mathrm{nm}$} spectral resolution and a pressure of {{1000}\,hPa} pure oxygen have been determined, with corrections for the {\Oxygen} {$\gamma$}-band absorption. Calculated integrated absorption intensities and, for the {\Oxygen} {$A$}-, {$B$}-bands, ``effective'' Einstein A-coefficients are compared with previous literature values.}} @misc{nise, Author = {Nolin, A. and Armstrong, R.L. and Maslanik, J.}, Howpublished = {Boulder, CO, USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.}, Title = {Near Real-Time {SSM/I} {EASE}--Grid Daily Global Ice Concentration and Snow Extent}, Url = {http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/nise1_nise.gd.html}, Year = {Updated daily}} @techreport{rp-omie-knmi-396, Author = {van den Oord, Bert and Veefkind, J. P.}, Institution = {KNMI}, Month = nov, Number = {RP-OMIE-KNMI-396}, Title = {Interpretation flags in {OMI level~1B} data products}, Url = {http://www.knmi.nl/omi/documents/data/RP-OMIE-KNMI-396_i1.pdf}, Year = {2002}} @techreport{omno2_readme, Author = {Celarier, Edward A. and Gleason, James F. and Bucsela, Eric J. and Boersma, K. Folkert and Brinksma, Ellen and Veefkind, J. Pepijn and Levelt, Pieternel}, Title = {{OMNO2} {README} File}, Year = {2006}, Url = {http://toms.gsfc.nasa.gov/omi/no2/OMNO2_readme.pdf}, Institution = {NASA Goddard Space Flight Center}} @techreport{omno2_data_product, Author = {Veefkind, J. Pepijn and Celarier, Edward A.}, Number = {SD-OMIE-KNMI-352}, Title = {{OMI} Level 2 {NO2} Data Product Specification}, Year = {2006}, Url = {http://disc.sci.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aura/OMI/OMNO2_data_product_specification.pdf}, Institution = {{KNMI} and {NASA Goddard Space Flight Center}}} @inproceedings{Oss2002, Address = {Greenbelt, Maryland, USA}, Author = {van Oss, Roeland F. and Voors, Robert H. M. and Spurr, Robert D. J.}, Booktitle = {OMI Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Volume II: {OMI} ozone products}, Edition = {2}, Editor = {Bhartia, Pawan K.}, Pages = {53-76}, Publisher = {NASA/GSFC}, Title = {Ozone Profile Algorithm}, Year = {2002}} @article{Parol1999, Author = {Parol, F. and Buriez, J.-C. and Vanbauce, C. and Couvert, P. and S\`{e}ze, G. and Goloub, P. and and S. Cheinet}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {1597-1612}, Timestamp = {2007.01.03}, Title = {First results of the {POLDER ``Earth Radiation Budget and Clouds''} operational algorithm}, Volume = {37}, Year = {1999}} @article{press1992, Author = {Press, William H. and Teukolsky, Saul A.}, Journal = {Comp. in Phys.}, Number = {3}, Pages = {274-276}, Title = {Fitting Straight Line Data with Errors in Both Coordinates}, Volume = {6}, Year = {1992}} @book{Press2003, Author = {Press, William H. and Teukolsky, Saul A. and Vetterling, William T. and Flannery, Brian P.}, Date-Modified = {2007-01-24 17:52:19 +0100}, Edition = {2}, Local-Url = {file://localhost/Users/maarten/Documents/Programming/Numerical%20Recipes/Documentation/}, Owner = {sneepm}, Publisher = {Press syndicate of the University of Cambridge}, Timestamp = {2006.11.22}, Title = {Numerical recipes in Fortran 77: The Art of Scientific Computing}, Url = {http://www.nr.com/}, Year = {1992--2003}} @article{HITRAN2004, Author = {Rothman, L. S. and Jacquemart, D. and Barbe, A. and Benner, D. Chris and Birk, M. and Brown, L. R. and Carleer, M. R. and Chackerian, C. and Chance, K. and Coudert, L. H. and Dana, V. and Devi, V. M. and Flaud, J. M. and Gamache, R. R. and Goldman, A. and Hartmann, J. M. and Jucks, K. W. and Maki, A. G. and Mandin, J. Y. and Massie, S. T. and Orphal, J. and Perrin, A. and Rinsland, C. P. and Smith, M. A. H. and Tennyson, J. and Tolchenov, R. N. and Toth, R. A. and Vander Auwera, J. and Varanasi, P. and Wagner, G.}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.10.008}, Journal = jqsrt, Month = dec, Number = {2}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {139-204}, Timestamp = {2007.01.03}, Title = {The {HITRAN} 2004 molecular spectroscopic database}, Volume = {96}, Year = {2005}, Abstract = {This paper describes the status of the 2004 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database. The HITRAN compilation consists of several components that serve as input for radiative transfer calculation codes: individual line parameters for the microwave through visible spectra of molecules in the gas phase; absorption cross-sections for molecules having dense spectral features, i.e., spectra in which the individual lines are unresolvable; individual line parameters and absorption cross-sections for bands in the ultra-violet; refractive indices of aerosols; tables and files of general properties associated with the database; and database management software. The line-by-line portion of the database contains spectroscopic parameters for 39 molecules including many of their isotopologues. The format of the section of the database on individual line parameters of HITRAN has undergone the most extensive enhancement in almost two decades. It now lists the Einstein A-coefficients, statistical weights of the upper and lower levels of the transitions, a better system for the representation of quantum identifications, and enhanced referencing and uncertainty codes. In addition, there is a provision for making corrections to the broadening of line transitions due to line mixing.}} @article{Scott1974, Author = {Scott, N. A.}, Doi = {10.1016/0022-4073(74)90116-2}, Journal = jqsrt, Number = {8}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {691-704}, Timestamp = {2007.01.03}, Title = {A direct method of computation of the transmission function of an inhomogeneous gaseous medium. {I:} description of the method}, Volume = {14}, Year = {1974}, Abstract = {A method for computing the transmission of an inhomogeneous gaseous medium, based upon a direct integration over the frequency and the use of the fine structure parameters of the absorption bands, is presented. The dependence on various factors of the transmission and its derivative with respect to the altitude is studied. The results are presented for narrow spectral intervals in the {$15\,\mu$ $\mathrm{CO_2}$} band. The method can be similarly applied in other frequency ranges. The computation time is discussed.}} @article{sneep2006, Author = {Sneep, Maarten and Ityaksov, Dmitry and Aben, Ilse and Linnartz, Harold and Ubachs, Wim}, Doi = {10.1016/j.jqsrt.2005.06.004}, Journal = jqsrt, Month = apr, Number = {3}, Pages = {405-424}, Title = {Temperature-dependent cross sections of {O$_2$--O$_2$} collision-induced absorption resonances at 477 and 577\,nm}, Volume = {98}, Year = {2006}, Annote = {Two collision-induced absorption features of oxygen have been investigated by means of the laser-based cavity ring-down technique at pressures between 0 and 1000 hPa and at temperatures in the range 184--294\,K. Peak cross sections, resonance widths and integrated cross sections, as well as spectral profiles, have been determined for the broad O$_2$--O$_2$ resonances centered at 477 and 577\,nm. Results are compared with previous measurements to establish an updated temperature dependence for the cross sections of both resonances, yielding integrated cross sections, that exhibit a minimum near 200\,K and that increase in a near-linear fashion in the atmospherically relevant range of 200--300\,K. A significant increase in the widths of the resonance profiles upon temperature increase is firmly established. Parameters and temperature-dependent trends for the shape and strengths of the resonances are produced, that can be implemented in cloud retrieval in atmospheric Earth observation.}} @article{Sneep2007c, Author = {Sneep, M. and Joiner, J. and Vasilkov, A. and Stammes, P.}, Journal = jgr, Note = {To be published in the same issue as this article.}, Owner = {sneepm}, Timestamp = {2007.01.03}, Title = {Evaluation of the {OMI} cloud products}, Year = {2007}} @techreport{sn-omie-knmi-CLD-MODIS, Author = {Sneep, Maarten and Stammes, Piet}, Institution = {KNMI}, Month = mar, Note = {\textit{In preparation}}, Number = {SN-OMIE-KNMI-809}, Title = {A first comparison of the {OMI} {O$_2$--O$_2$} Cloud Product and the {MODIS} cloud product on {Aqua} on {August} 28, 2005}, Year = {2006}} @techreport{sn-omie-knmi-CLD-Verify, Author = {Sneep, Maarten and Stammes, Piet}, Institution = {KNMI}, Month = mar, Note = {\textit{In preparation}}, Number = {SN-OMIE-KNMI-808}, Title = {General properties of the {OMI} {$\mathrm{O_2}$--$\mathrm{O_2}$} cloud product}, Year = {2006}} @techreport{sn-omie-knmi-800, Author = {Sneep, Maarten and Stammes, Piet and de Haan, Johan and Veefkind, Pepijn}, Institution = {KNMI}, Month = mar, Note = {\textit{In preparation}}, Number = {SN-OMIE-KNMI-800}, Title = {First intercomparison of the two {OMI} cloud products}, Year = {2006}} @article{Sneep2007b, Author = {Sneep, Maarten and Stammes, Piet and Vanbauce, Claudine}, Journal = jgr, Note = {To be published in the same issue as this article.}, Owner = {sneepm}, Timestamp = {2006.11.28}, Title = {Comparing oxygen cloud pressures from {OMI} and {Parasol}}, Year = {2007}} @article{Sneep2007a, Author = {Sneep, Maarten and Stammes, Piet and Veefkind, J. Pepijn and de Haan, Johan F. and Veihelmann, B and Levelt, Pieternel F.}, Journal = jgr, Note = {To be published in the same issue as this article.}, Owner = {sneepm}, Timestamp = {2006.11.28}, Title = {Comparison of the {OMI} {$\mathrm{O_2}$--$\mathrm{O_2}$} cloud product with {MODIS/Aqua} cloud products}, Year = {2007}} @inproceedings{stammes2001, Address = {Hampton, Va.}, Author = {Stammes, P.}, Booktitle = {IRS200: Current problems in atmospheric radiation}, Editor = {Smith, W. L. and Timofeyev, Y. M.}, Pages = {385-388}, Publisher = {A. Deepak}, Title = {Spectral radiance modeling in the {UV-visible} range}, Year = {2001}} @article{stammes1989, Author = {Stammes, P. and de Haan, J. F. and Hovenier, J. W.}, Journal = {Atron. Astrophys.}, Pages = {239-259}, Title = {The polarized internal radiation field of a planetary atmosphere}, Volume = {225}, Year = {1989}} @article{tanskanen2006, Author = {Tanskanen, Aapo and Krotkov, Nickolay A. and Herman, Jay R. and Arola, Antii}, Doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2005.862203}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Number = {5}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {1267}, Timestamp = {2006.10.20}, Title = {Surface Ultraviolet irrandiance from {OMI}}, Volume = {44}, Year = {2006}, Abstract = {The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura spacecraft is a nadir-viewing spectrometer that measures solar reflected and backscattered light in a selected range of the ultraviolet and visible spectrum. The instrument has a 2600-km-wide viewing swath, and it is capable of daily, global contiguous mapping. We developed and implemented a surface ultraviolet (UV) irradiance algorithm for OMI that produces noontime surface spectral UV irradiance estimates at four wavelengths (305, 310, 324, and 380 nm). Additionally, noontime erythemal dose rate and the erythemal daily dose are estimated. The OMI surface UV algorithm inherits from the surface UV algorithm developed by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS). The OMI surface UV irradiance products are produced and archived in HDF5-EOS format by Finnish Meteorological Institute. The accuracy of the surface UV estimates depend on UV wavelength and atmospheric and other geolocation specific conditions ranging from 7% to 30%. A postprocessing aerosol correction can be applied at sites with additional ground-based measurements of the aerosol absorption optical thickness. The current OMI surface UV product validation plan is presented}} @inproceedings{torres2002, Author = {Torres, Omar and Decae, Rob and Veefkind, Pepijn and de Leeuw, Gerrit}, Booktitle = {OMI Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document, Volume III: Clouds, Aerosols, and Surface UV Irradiance}, Chapter = {4}, Edition = {2}, Editor = {Stammes, Piet}, Pages = {47-71}, Publisher = {KNMI, NASA/GSFC, FMI}, Title = {{OMI} Aerosol Retrieval Algorithm}, Year = {2002}} @article{Vanbauce1998, Author = {Vanbauce, C. and Buriez, J.C. and Parol, F. and Bonnel, B. and S{\`e}ze, G. and Couvert, P.}, Journal = grl, Number = {16}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {3159-3162}, Timestamp = {2006.10.25}, Title = {Apparent pressure derived from {ADEOS-POLDER} observations in the oxygen {A-band} over ocean}, Volume = {25}, Year = {1998}, Abstract = {The POLDER radiometer was on board the ADEOS satellite from August 1996 to June 1997. This instrument measures radiances in eight narrow spectral bands of the visible and near infrared spectrum. Two of them are centered on the O A-band in order to infer cloud pressure. By assuming the atmosphere behaves as a pure absorbing medium overlying a perfect reflector, an ``apparent'' pressure is derived from POLDER data. For validation purposes, is first compared to the sea-surface pressure for clear-sky conditions; is found to be close to (within {$\sim$}30 hPa) for measurements in the sunglint region. For overcast conditions, differs from the cloud-top pressure mainly because of multiple scattering inside the cloud. When is compared to the cloud pressure determined from brightness temperature measurements, large differences are observed (typically 180 hPa).}} @article{Vanbauce2003, Author = {Vanbauce, C. and Cadet, B. and Marchand, R.T.}, Doi = {10.1029/2002GL016449}, Journal = grl, Number = {5}, Owner = {sneepm}, Pages = {1212}, Timestamp = {2006.10.25}, Title = {Comparison of {POLDER} apparent and corrected oxygen pressure to {ARM/MMCR} cloud boundary pressures}, Volume = {30}, Year = {2003}, Abstract = {POLDER (POLarization and Directionality of the Earth's Reflectances) cloud oxygen pressures are compared to cloud boundary pressures obtained from the combination of Lidar and Millimeter Wave Cloud Radar ground measurements located at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. Without ground reflection correction, the apparent pressures are found to be closer to the mean cloud pressure than to the cloud top pressure. Nevertheless, for almost a quarter of our comparison cases the apparent pressure level is found to be below the cloud base level. This problem practically disappears applying a simple correction for the surface reflection effect. The corrected oxygen pressures are then found to be very close (12 hPa on average) to the mean cloud pressure.}} @techreport{OMCLDRR-readme, Author = {Vassilkov, Alexander and Joiner, Joanna}, Institution = {SSAI, NASA/GSFC}, Title = {{OMCLDRR} readme file}, Url = {https://omiwww.gsfc.nasa.gov/ctbweb/OMCLDRR_README/OMCLDRR_README_v8.md}, Year = {2006}} @techreport{sd-omie-knmi-325, Author = {Veefkind, J. P. and Acarreta, J. R.}, Institution = {KNMI}, Month = dec, Number = {SD-OMIE-KNMI-325}, Title = {{OMI} {$\mathrm{O_2}$--$\mathrm{O_2}$} Cloud Product Specification}, Url = {http://www.knmi.nl/omi/documents/data/SD-OMIE-KNMI-325_OMCLDO2_product_specification_issue2_draft.pdf}, Year = {2004}} @article{veefkind2006, Author = {Veefkind, J. Pepijn and de Haan, Johan F. and Brinksma, Ellen J. and Kroon, Mark and Levelt, Pieternel F.}, Doi = {10.1109/TGRS.2006.871204}, Journal = {IEEE Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens.}, Number = {5}, Pages = {1239-1244}, Title = {Total Ozone from the {Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)} using the {DOAS} technique}, Volume = {44}, Year = {2006}, Abstract = {This paper describes the algorithm for deriving the total column ozone from spectral radiances and irradiances measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Earth Observing System Aura satellite. The algorithm is based on the differential optical absorption spectroscopy technique. The main characteristics of the algorithm as well as an error analysis are described. The algorithm has been successfully applied to the first available OMI data. First comparisons with ground-based instruments are very encouraging and clearly show the potential of the method.}} @article{veefkind2007, Author = {Veefkind, J.~P. and Brinksma, E.~J. and Boersma, K.~F. and Eskes, H. and Gleason, J.~F. and Bucsela, E.~J. and Celarier, E.~A. and Wenig, M.~O. and Levelt, P.~F}, Title = {High spatial resolution \ndo\ observations over Europe using data from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument}, Journal = grl, Year = {2007}, Note = {(To appear.)}} @article{denis2005, Author = {Denis, L. et al.}, Journal = jqsrt, Number = {3}, Volume = {92}, Pages = {321-333}, Title = {A new software suite for \ndo\ vertical profile retrieval from ground-based zenith-sky spectrometers}, Year = {2005}} @article{levelt2007overview, Author = {Levelt, Pieternel F. and Bhartia, P.~K.}, Journal = jgr, Number = {TBD}, Volume = {TBD}, Pages = {TBD}, Doi = {TBD}, Title = {TBD}, Year = {2007}} @misc{MODIS-collection-005-update, Key = {MODIS-b}, Month = mar, Note = {Time schedule for the availability of MODIS collection~005 data}, Title = {{MODIS} Atmosphere: Products: Collection 005 Update}, Url = {http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/products_C005update.html}, Year = {2006}} @misc{MODIS-06-product-description, Howpublished = {website}, Key = {MODIS-a}, Month = jul, Note = {A general description of the MODIS cloud optical properties product}, Title = {{MODIS} atmosphere: cloud product}, Url = {http://modis-atmos.gsfc.nasa.gov/MOD06_L2/index.html}, Year = {2005}} @article{vandaele1998, Author = {Vandaele, A.~C. and Hermans, C. and Simon, P.~C. and Carleer, M. and Colin, R. and Fally, S. and M{\'e}rienne, M.~F. and Jenouvrier, A. and Coquart, B.}, Title = {Measurements of the $\rm{NO}_2$ absorption cross-section from 42000 cm$^{-1}$ to 10000 cm$^{-1}$ (238--1000 nm) at 220 {K} and 294 {K}}, Journal = {J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer}, Volume = {59}, Pages = {171-184}, Year = {1998}} @article{Burrows1999, Author = {Burrows, J.~P and Richter, A. and Dehn, A. and Deters, B. and Himmelmann, S. and Voigt, S. and Orphal, J.}, Title = {Atmospheric remote sensing reference data from {GOME-2}. 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