Ozone amounts (in Dobson Units) to be added to the integrated sonde profile to get total column ozone. This table accounts for ozone above balloon burst altitude based on the McPeters Labow 2011 ozone climatology: "Climatology 2011: an MLS-derived ozone climatology for satellite retrieval algorithms," R. McPeters and G. Labow J. Geophys. Res., 117, 10.1029/2011JD017006, 2012. SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 80-90S Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 0.96 1.07 1.30 1.59 1.47 1.53 1.31 1.30 1.17 1.14 1.01 0.94 2 3.27 3.71 4.46 4.40 4.38 4.83 4.09 4.17 3.94 3.92 3.55 3.22 3 6.58 7.29 8.17 7.30 7.43 8.50 7.59 7.56 7.31 7.39 7.06 6.53 4 10.54 11.24 11.93 10.17 10.41 12.15 11.45 11.19 11.07 11.24 11.09 10.56 5 14.81 15.24 15.60 12.96 13.26 15.68 15.39 14.88 15.09 15.37 15.34 14.96 6 19.01 19.03 19.03 15.61 15.90 18.95 19.15 18.46 19.11 19.61 19.55 19.32 7 23.17 22.70 22.35 18.21 18.47 22.08 22.79 22.04 23.08 23.96 23.79 23.69 8 27.23 26.23 25.56 20.75 20.98 25.07 26.26 25.56 26.94 28.37 28.07 27.99 9 31.17 29.64 28.68 23.26 23.45 27.95 29.62 29.04 30.68 32.81 32.36 32.22 10 34.95 32.89 31.71 25.72 25.88 30.72 32.86 32.45 34.25 37.21 36.60 36.30 11 38.48 35.93 34.61 28.09 28.25 33.36 35.90 35.68 37.59 41.38 40.67 40.20 12 42.03 39.00 37.56 30.52 30.69 36.05 38.96 38.95 40.95 45.64 44.87 44.18 13 45.37 41.91 40.42 32.89 33.08 38.66 41.87 42.05 44.15 49.71 48.94 48.03 14 48.63 44.79 43.27 35.26 35.48 41.28 44.74 45.07 47.31 53.73 53.01 51.87 15 51.76 47.57 46.09 37.61 37.86 43.87 47.51 47.96 50.39 57.64 57.01 55.63 16 54.85 50.35 48.93 39.98 40.25 46.48 50.25 50.79 53.45 61.49 61.00 59.42 17 57.77 53.02 51.69 42.27 42.56 49.01 52.82 53.38 56.34 65.08 64.78 63.05 18 60.84 55.82 54.60 44.68 45.00 51.67 55.52 56.10 59.39 68.88 68.79 66.89 19 63.55 58.33 57.24 46.88 47.21 54.10 57.92 58.39 61.97 72.15 72.30 70.40 20 66.37 60.95 60.00 49.18 49.53 56.64 60.41 60.76 64.65 75.56 75.97 74.07 21 69.23 63.60 62.80 51.53 51.90 59.23 62.94 63.13 67.30 78.99 79.69 77.83 22 71.81 66.02 65.36 53.73 54.11 61.64 65.25 65.20 69.44 81.98 82.99 81.27 23 74.48 68.52 68.02 56.02 56.43 64.15 67.66 67.33 71.65 85.09 86.42 84.87 24 77.25 71.13 70.79 58.41 58.84 66.76 70.15 69.53 73.93 88.31 90.00 88.62 25 79.71 73.46 73.25 60.61 61.06 69.12 72.36 71.39 75.50 90.89 92.99 91.90 26 82.24 75.86 75.78 62.89 63.35 71.55 74.63 73.28 77.09 93.52 96.06 95.28 27 84.84 78.35 78.40 65.25 65.73 74.07 76.97 75.22 78.70 96.22 99.23 98.78 28 87.45 80.83 81.01 67.61 68.11 76.59 79.29 77.13 80.19 98.81 102.33 102.25 29 89.90 83.15 83.38 69.81 70.34 78.91 81.42 78.81 81.18 100.84 105.00 105.36 30 92.41 85.54 85.83 72.07 72.63 81.31 83.60 80.53 82.19 102.92 107.73 108.57 31 95.00 88.00 88.34 74.41 75.00 83.77 85.84 82.29 83.21 105.04 110.53 111.87 32 97.66 90.53 90.93 76.82 77.45 86.31 88.14 84.09 84.24 107.21 113.41 115.28 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 70-80S Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.00 1.07 1.31 1.63 1.56 1.52 1.33 1.30 1.21 1.14 1.04 0.98 2 3.34 3.68 4.59 4.88 4.64 4.85 4.18 4.18 4.16 3.96 3.59 3.32 3 6.63 7.33 8.62 8.38 8.00 8.62 7.76 7.56 7.81 7.64 7.15 6.63 4 10.60 11.51 12.80 11.84 11.33 12.38 11.66 11.19 11.84 11.78 11.31 10.66 5 14.91 15.81 16.91 15.17 14.54 15.99 15.62 14.88 16.08 16.22 15.76 15.09 6 19.19 19.93 20.74 18.28 17.50 19.34 19.37 18.47 20.24 20.75 20.17 19.51 7 23.46 23.96 24.44 21.30 20.34 22.53 22.98 22.04 24.35 25.38 24.63 23.96 8 27.66 27.85 27.99 24.22 23.08 25.58 26.42 25.56 28.33 30.04 29.11 28.36 9 31.76 31.61 31.44 27.08 25.76 28.53 29.76 29.04 32.19 34.72 33.61 32.71 10 35.72 35.21 34.76 29.88 28.39 31.36 32.96 32.45 35.90 39.35 38.06 36.93 11 39.44 38.59 37.91 32.56 30.94 34.07 35.97 35.68 39.39 43.76 42.33 40.95 12 43.19 42.00 41.10 35.30 33.55 36.82 39.01 38.95 42.91 48.26 46.72 45.07 13 46.73 45.23 44.17 37.97 36.10 39.50 41.90 42.05 46.26 52.54 50.98 49.04 14 50.20 48.42 47.23 40.64 38.66 42.17 44.76 45.07 49.57 56.80 55.25 53.01 15 53.53 51.49 50.23 43.27 41.20 44.81 47.53 47.97 52.77 60.95 59.46 56.90 16 56.83 54.56 53.25 45.92 43.76 47.47 50.27 50.79 55.93 65.07 63.67 60.80 17 59.94 57.49 56.16 48.48 46.25 50.04 52.86 53.38 58.89 68.93 67.67 64.54 18 63.22 60.56 59.23 51.18 48.87 52.75 55.59 56.10 62.00 73.03 71.91 68.51 19 66.11 63.31 62.00 53.63 51.26 55.23 58.01 58.39 64.59 76.56 75.64 72.10 20 69.13 66.17 64.90 56.19 53.77 57.82 60.54 60.76 67.27 80.24 79.55 75.88 21 72.19 69.06 67.84 58.80 56.33 60.47 63.10 63.13 69.93 83.96 83.51 79.73 22 74.94 71.68 70.51 61.23 58.71 62.93 65.46 65.20 72.10 87.20 87.03 83.26 23 77.79 74.40 73.30 63.75 61.20 65.49 67.90 67.33 74.33 90.57 90.71 86.94 24 80.76 77.22 76.19 66.39 63.79 68.15 70.44 69.53 76.63 94.06 94.54 90.79 25 83.37 79.72 78.77 68.79 66.15 70.56 72.70 71.39 78.33 96.89 97.75 94.13 26 86.06 82.29 81.41 71.27 68.59 73.04 75.02 73.28 80.04 99.78 101.05 97.58 27 88.83 84.94 84.15 73.83 71.12 75.61 77.41 75.22 81.79 102.75 104.46 101.15 28 91.60 87.59 86.87 76.40 73.65 78.17 79.79 77.13 83.44 105.60 107.80 104.69 29 94.17 90.04 89.35 78.77 76.00 80.53 81.96 78.81 84.67 107.90 110.67 107.85 30 96.82 92.56 91.90 81.22 78.42 82.97 84.20 80.53 85.91 110.24 113.62 111.11 31 99.54 95.15 94.52 83.74 80.91 85.48 86.50 82.29 87.18 112.63 116.65 114.46 32 102.33 97.81 97.21 86.34 83.49 88.06 88.86 84.09 88.47 115.08 119.76 117.92 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 60-70S Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.04 1.12 1.29 1.54 1.72 1.66 1.42 1.36 1.28 1.21 1.09 1.04 2 3.40 3.75 4.55 5.49 5.60 5.28 4.68 4.75 4.54 4.21 3.72 3.41 3 6.85 7.57 9.03 10.23 9.89 9.41 8.67 8.82 8.81 8.35 7.59 6.87 4 11.16 12.20 14.00 15.05 14.16 13.53 12.92 13.17 13.59 13.13 12.30 11.19 5 15.93 17.17 19.02 19.69 18.25 17.46 17.15 17.58 18.60 18.23 17.44 16.04 6 20.75 22.06 23.75 23.97 22.03 21.09 21.08 21.77 23.52 23.38 22.56 20.94 7 25.63 26.94 28.34 28.08 25.65 24.55 24.84 25.85 28.40 28.63 27.71 25.91 8 30.46 31.71 32.78 32.03 29.15 27.85 28.41 29.78 33.14 33.87 32.85 30.85 9 35.24 36.37 37.07 35.86 32.57 31.06 31.85 33.57 37.75 39.11 37.99 35.75 10 39.89 40.89 41.20 39.56 35.91 34.17 35.14 37.17 42.19 44.31 43.08 40.53 11 44.30 45.14 45.10 43.10 39.13 37.18 38.26 40.55 46.38 49.28 47.92 45.06 12 48.77 49.44 49.04 46.69 42.44 40.25 41.41 43.94 50.61 54.34 52.89 49.69 13 53.01 53.51 52.79 50.16 45.67 43.26 44.45 47.14 54.59 59.17 57.67 54.10 14 57.19 57.52 56.50 53.62 48.91 46.28 47.47 50.27 58.49 63.99 62.46 58.50 15 61.22 61.39 60.12 57.02 52.13 49.29 50.43 53.29 62.24 68.70 67.19 62.80 16 65.22 65.23 63.73 60.44 55.39 52.33 53.41 56.27 65.94 73.41 71.92 67.10 17 68.98 68.86 67.18 63.74 58.56 55.31 56.28 59.06 69.38 77.88 76.43 71.19 18 72.96 72.69 70.82 67.22 61.91 58.45 59.30 62.00 73.00 82.62 81.22 75.52 19 76.44 76.05 74.09 70.39 64.99 61.37 62.08 64.57 76.08 86.72 85.43 79.40 20 80.08 79.56 77.49 73.69 68.21 64.42 64.97 67.25 79.28 91.01 89.83 83.45 21 83.76 83.10 80.94 77.04 71.50 67.55 67.92 69.94 82.48 95.33 94.31 87.59 22 87.04 86.26 84.06 80.11 74.52 70.45 70.64 72.35 85.24 99.13 98.30 91.33 23 90.46 89.54 87.30 83.29 77.67 73.49 73.47 74.84 88.09 103.07 102.46 95.23 24 94.01 92.95 90.67 86.60 80.96 76.65 76.41 77.42 91.03 107.17 106.79 99.30 25 97.06 95.88 93.59 89.51 83.87 79.48 79.04 79.65 93.47 110.59 110.47 102.80 26 100.20 98.89 96.60 92.50 86.86 82.40 81.75 81.94 95.96 114.09 114.25 106.40 27 103.44 101.99 99.70 95.59 89.96 85.43 84.56 84.30 98.51 117.71 118.16 110.13 28 106.65 105.06 102.77 98.66 93.05 88.46 87.35 86.63 100.99 121.23 121.99 113.81 29 109.55 107.82 105.52 101.43 95.86 91.23 89.93 88.73 103.12 124.21 125.32 117.06 30 112.52 110.64 108.35 104.28 98.75 94.09 92.58 90.89 105.30 127.27 128.74 120.42 31 115.58 113.55 111.26 107.21 101.72 97.04 95.31 93.10 107.53 130.40 132.25 123.86 32 118.71 116.53 114.24 110.22 104.79 100.08 98.12 95.36 109.80 133.61 135.86 127.41 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 50-60S Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.12 1.20 1.31 1.51 1.73 1.75 1.49 1.46 1.40 1.28 1.18 1.11 2 3.61 3.89 4.47 5.47 6.26 6.32 5.53 5.27 4.99 4.45 3.92 3.62 3 7.25 7.84 9.02 10.66 11.51 11.41 10.46 10.20 9.87 9.02 8.03 7.30 4 11.87 12.74 14.34 16.17 16.75 16.36 15.51 15.64 15.43 14.40 13.23 12.01 5 17.12 18.16 19.93 21.63 21.77 21.06 20.39 21.19 21.30 20.15 19.00 17.40 6 22.52 23.61 25.35 26.76 26.41 25.37 24.86 26.44 27.03 25.87 24.81 22.96 7 28.07 29.13 30.70 31.75 30.87 29.51 29.12 31.51 32.74 31.66 30.66 28.65 8 33.66 34.62 35.93 36.57 35.20 33.51 33.19 36.35 38.34 37.41 36.45 34.35 9 39.24 40.08 41.05 41.27 39.43 37.42 37.13 41.00 43.82 43.14 42.18 40.02 10 44.74 45.42 46.01 45.83 43.56 41.23 40.93 45.44 49.15 48.79 47.81 45.58 11 49.97 50.48 50.70 50.17 47.55 44.94 44.57 49.61 54.19 54.20 53.15 50.83 12 55.32 55.64 55.45 54.58 51.64 48.75 48.29 53.82 59.31 59.72 58.59 56.17 13 60.41 60.55 59.98 58.83 55.64 52.52 51.92 57.84 64.16 65.00 63.79 61.24 14 65.45 65.41 64.46 63.06 59.66 56.33 55.56 61.81 68.94 70.27 68.98 66.27 15 70.34 70.12 68.82 67.22 63.65 60.13 59.17 65.67 73.57 75.43 74.06 71.15 16 75.20 74.79 73.15 71.38 67.67 63.98 62.82 69.53 78.16 80.59 79.14 76.00 17 79.75 79.16 77.24 75.36 71.57 67.75 66.39 73.24 82.50 85.48 83.96 80.57 18 84.57 83.79 81.56 79.57 75.70 71.73 70.16 77.14 87.07 90.68 89.07 85.42 19 88.74 87.79 85.36 83.36 79.47 75.42 73.65 80.66 91.05 95.19 93.54 89.65 20 93.09 91.96 89.33 87.32 83.41 79.28 77.31 84.34 95.19 99.90 98.22 94.08 21 97.48 96.16 93.34 91.33 87.42 83.21 81.04 88.06 99.36 104.67 102.96 98.56 22 101.32 99.84 96.90 94.94 91.07 86.82 84.48 91.46 103.05 108.85 107.16 102.54 23 105.32 103.66 100.60 98.70 94.86 90.59 88.07 94.98 106.88 113.21 111.54 106.69 24 109.48 107.63 104.44 102.60 98.82 94.51 91.81 98.65 110.84 117.73 116.09 111.00 25 112.94 110.93 107.68 105.92 102.22 97.93 95.11 101.90 114.26 121.55 119.94 114.63 26 116.49 114.31 111.00 109.32 105.71 101.45 98.52 105.24 117.77 125.47 123.89 118.36 27 120.15 117.80 114.41 112.83 109.33 105.10 102.05 108.69 121.38 129.52 127.97 122.21 28 123.74 121.21 117.77 116.28 112.90 108.72 105.56 112.12 124.95 133.49 131.98 125.98 29 126.86 124.17 120.70 119.31 116.06 111.97 108.77 115.28 128.15 136.95 135.48 129.29 30 130.07 127.21 123.72 122.41 119.32 115.32 112.07 118.52 131.43 140.49 139.07 132.67 31 133.35 130.33 126.80 125.60 122.66 118.77 115.48 121.85 134.80 144.13 142.75 136.15 32 136.72 133.52 129.96 128.87 126.10 122.32 118.98 125.28 138.25 147.86 146.53 139.71 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 40-50S Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.21 1.28 1.34 1.46 1.64 1.67 1.55 1.55 1.47 1.32 1.24 1.20 2 3.88 4.12 4.49 5.22 6.09 6.32 5.63 5.44 5.14 4.54 4.04 3.84 3 7.77 8.26 9.07 10.40 11.75 12.09 11.07 10.76 10.31 9.35 8.27 7.72 4 12.71 13.41 14.57 16.18 17.61 17.93 16.90 16.75 16.31 15.19 13.75 12.72 5 18.40 19.17 20.50 22.09 23.39 23.59 22.66 22.91 22.63 21.49 19.99 18.53 6 24.31 25.07 26.38 27.79 28.84 28.87 28.07 28.80 28.80 27.72 26.38 24.59 7 30.44 31.11 32.30 33.41 34.14 34.00 33.33 34.55 34.94 33.99 32.86 30.88 8 36.66 37.18 38.17 38.93 39.30 38.97 38.46 40.16 40.99 40.20 39.29 37.23 9 42.91 43.28 44.00 44.37 44.36 43.83 43.49 45.65 46.95 46.35 45.63 43.60 10 49.12 49.31 49.71 49.68 49.28 48.56 48.39 51.00 52.78 52.38 51.81 49.86 11 55.05 55.08 55.15 54.74 54.01 53.11 53.08 56.11 58.32 58.13 57.63 55.80 12 61.13 61.00 60.72 59.91 58.84 57.76 57.87 61.31 63.98 64.01 63.56 61.85 13 66.94 66.68 66.05 64.91 63.54 62.31 62.52 66.32 69.39 69.63 69.19 67.58 14 72.73 72.34 71.36 69.89 68.26 66.89 67.16 71.31 74.76 75.23 74.77 73.24 15 78.35 77.86 76.54 74.78 72.92 71.42 71.73 76.17 79.99 80.69 80.19 78.72 16 83.94 83.35 81.68 79.67 77.61 75.98 76.31 81.03 85.20 86.12 85.58 84.13 17 89.15 88.48 86.50 84.31 82.10 80.39 80.70 85.65 90.12 91.24 90.63 89.16 18 94.68 93.92 91.61 89.22 86.86 85.05 85.35 90.54 95.32 96.67 95.98 94.49 19 99.38 98.58 96.02 93.56 91.14 89.28 89.54 94.86 99.87 101.38 100.61 99.04 20 104.30 103.45 100.62 98.10 95.62 93.70 93.91 99.38 104.61 106.30 105.45 103.79 21 109.26 108.35 105.26 102.68 100.16 98.20 98.36 103.95 109.41 111.28 110.34 108.57 22 113.53 112.58 109.31 106.75 104.25 102.27 102.38 108.04 113.65 115.66 114.64 112.74 23 117.98 116.98 113.51 110.97 108.50 106.52 106.57 112.30 118.06 120.21 119.10 117.06 24 122.59 121.54 117.88 115.37 112.92 110.94 110.93 116.72 122.64 124.94 123.74 121.54 25 126.33 125.21 121.43 119.00 116.65 114.71 114.68 120.50 126.52 128.91 127.61 125.23 26 130.15 128.96 125.06 122.72 120.47 118.59 118.54 124.39 130.50 132.97 131.58 129.01 27 134.08 132.82 128.80 126.56 124.42 122.60 122.52 128.40 134.61 137.17 135.67 132.90 28 137.90 136.56 132.43 130.30 128.29 126.55 126.46 132.36 138.65 141.28 139.67 136.69 29 141.12 139.68 135.50 133.49 131.65 130.03 129.96 135.88 142.21 144.86 143.13 139.93 30 144.41 142.87 138.65 136.76 135.09 133.60 133.56 139.50 145.86 148.53 146.68 143.26 31 147.78 146.13 141.86 140.11 138.63 137.28 137.27 143.21 149.61 152.29 150.32 146.67 32 151.22 149.47 145.15 143.54 142.26 141.05 141.07 147.02 153.45 156.15 154.05 150.15 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 30-40S Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.29 1.34 1.36 1.41 1.49 1.49 1.49 1.51 1.43 1.33 1.27 1.26 2 4.17 4.36 4.59 4.92 5.42 5.43 5.15 5.13 4.89 4.48 4.13 4.07 3 8.36 8.72 9.26 9.97 10.87 10.91 10.33 10.28 9.96 9.28 8.42 8.20 4 13.70 14.13 14.92 15.85 16.90 16.91 16.22 16.30 16.05 15.32 13.99 13.54 5 19.84 20.24 21.12 22.08 23.07 23.01 22.28 22.63 22.58 22.00 20.46 19.73 6 26.26 26.57 27.39 28.21 29.06 28.90 28.14 28.78 29.03 28.69 27.20 26.24 7 32.95 33.13 33.79 34.37 34.98 34.74 33.97 34.89 35.48 35.43 34.16 33.03 8 39.76 39.80 40.23 40.48 40.81 40.49 39.72 40.90 41.85 42.11 41.12 39.92 9 46.62 46.53 46.69 46.55 46.57 46.15 45.42 46.85 48.14 48.72 48.05 46.87 10 53.45 53.23 53.09 52.53 52.19 51.67 51.01 52.70 54.29 55.17 54.81 53.75 11 59.98 59.65 59.24 58.26 57.56 56.93 56.36 58.30 60.14 61.30 61.20 60.31 12 66.69 66.26 65.57 64.14 63.05 62.30 61.82 64.04 66.11 67.54 67.69 67.01 13 73.10 72.61 71.68 69.82 68.35 67.48 67.07 69.56 71.82 73.48 73.85 73.37 14 79.47 78.95 77.79 75.51 73.65 72.65 72.31 75.06 77.49 79.38 79.93 79.66 15 85.66 85.13 83.79 81.10 78.86 77.73 77.43 80.44 83.01 85.10 85.80 85.72 16 91.79 91.27 89.75 86.69 84.08 82.81 82.54 85.79 88.50 90.77 91.61 91.69 17 97.47 96.98 95.35 91.97 89.04 87.65 87.38 90.84 93.65 96.07 97.00 97.20 18 103.50 103.05 101.30 97.56 94.29 92.78 92.51 96.18 99.09 101.68 102.71 103.05 19 108.58 108.18 106.38 102.43 98.95 97.35 97.06 100.84 103.83 106.52 107.58 107.95 20 113.88 113.55 111.69 107.51 103.81 102.13 101.81 105.70 108.77 111.56 112.66 113.07 21 119.20 118.94 117.04 112.64 108.74 106.98 106.63 110.62 113.75 116.65 117.78 118.21 22 123.76 123.56 121.64 117.11 113.11 111.31 110.94 114.98 118.16 121.11 122.23 122.62 23 128.49 128.35 126.43 121.76 117.65 115.83 115.42 119.51 122.73 125.74 126.84 127.20 24 133.40 133.34 131.40 126.59 122.38 120.53 120.09 124.22 127.48 130.54 131.64 131.94 25 137.32 137.29 135.36 130.49 126.29 124.47 124.03 128.19 131.46 134.53 135.57 135.77 26 141.33 141.33 139.40 134.48 130.28 128.51 128.07 132.26 135.54 138.61 139.58 139.68 27 145.44 145.48 143.56 138.58 134.40 132.69 132.24 136.45 139.75 142.81 143.72 143.70 28 149.41 149.48 147.57 142.55 138.41 136.77 136.34 140.57 143.87 146.92 147.74 147.60 29 152.68 152.74 150.83 145.84 141.80 140.30 139.92 144.17 147.46 150.46 151.18 150.87 30 156.03 156.07 154.17 149.19 145.28 143.91 143.60 147.87 151.14 154.09 154.70 154.21 31 159.44 159.47 157.59 152.63 148.84 147.62 147.37 151.66 154.91 157.81 158.30 157.63 32 162.93 162.95 161.07 156.15 152.48 151.43 151.24 155.55 158.78 161.61 161.98 161.13 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 20-30S Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.33 1.35 1.34 1.38 1.41 1.41 1.42 1.42 1.39 1.34 1.30 1.31 2 4.42 4.49 4.56 4.70 4.85 4.83 4.83 4.78 4.64 4.45 4.27 4.31 3 8.98 9.03 9.24 9.54 9.87 9.80 9.74 9.69 9.45 9.09 8.68 8.76 4 14.79 14.72 14.99 15.41 15.77 15.63 15.57 15.66 15.47 15.05 14.35 14.49 5 21.45 21.23 21.41 21.85 22.11 21.84 21.76 22.12 22.16 21.86 20.93 21.11 6 28.41 28.06 28.05 28.40 28.47 28.05 27.89 28.53 28.91 28.86 27.85 28.06 7 35.64 35.19 34.94 35.10 34.93 34.38 34.11 34.97 35.75 36.05 35.07 35.30 8 42.96 42.44 41.93 41.85 41.38 40.72 40.34 41.36 42.55 43.24 42.40 42.66 9 50.33 49.77 49.02 48.64 47.84 47.06 46.60 47.74 49.31 50.40 49.77 50.07 10 57.64 57.10 56.13 55.42 54.23 53.30 52.80 54.05 55.96 57.43 57.07 57.44 11 64.62 64.12 62.98 61.96 60.36 59.26 58.76 60.10 62.29 64.09 64.01 64.47 12 71.76 71.34 70.04 68.68 66.66 65.37 64.87 66.30 68.77 70.88 71.12 71.68 13 78.57 78.25 76.86 75.19 72.75 71.24 70.72 72.24 74.94 77.33 77.87 78.54 14 85.34 85.13 83.67 81.72 78.86 77.10 76.55 78.15 81.06 83.69 84.54 85.34 15 91.90 91.81 90.35 88.15 84.88 82.85 82.23 83.89 86.98 89.84 90.99 91.92 16 98.39 98.41 96.98 94.56 90.88 88.58 87.87 89.58 92.84 95.90 97.34 98.41 17 104.38 104.51 103.14 100.58 96.55 93.98 93.16 94.89 98.28 101.51 103.21 104.39 18 110.74 110.98 109.70 106.98 102.58 99.72 98.76 100.52 104.05 107.44 109.42 110.73 19 116.03 116.33 115.16 112.40 107.77 104.70 103.63 105.36 108.97 112.48 114.65 116.01 20 121.55 121.92 120.86 118.06 113.20 109.92 108.72 110.41 114.10 117.72 120.09 121.52 21 127.09 127.51 126.58 123.75 118.68 115.18 113.85 115.51 119.27 123.00 125.56 127.04 22 131.78 132.22 131.39 128.58 123.42 119.79 118.37 119.98 123.77 127.56 130.25 131.73 23 136.65 137.10 136.39 133.61 128.34 124.59 123.06 124.62 128.44 132.30 135.11 136.59 24 141.70 142.17 141.59 138.83 133.47 129.58 127.94 129.44 133.29 137.20 140.16 141.63 25 145.70 146.15 145.65 142.93 137.56 133.64 131.97 133.43 137.29 141.20 144.20 145.63 26 149.78 150.21 149.80 147.11 141.74 137.80 136.08 137.51 141.37 145.29 148.33 149.71 27 153.97 154.38 154.06 151.42 146.05 142.09 140.33 141.71 145.57 149.49 152.58 153.91 28 157.99 158.37 158.13 155.54 150.19 146.24 144.46 145.81 149.66 153.57 156.68 157.94 29 161.26 161.59 161.39 158.83 153.55 149.69 147.96 149.33 153.15 157.02 160.09 161.24 30 164.59 164.87 164.71 162.20 156.99 153.23 151.56 152.92 156.73 160.54 163.57 164.61 31 167.99 168.21 168.11 165.64 160.50 156.85 155.23 156.61 160.39 164.15 167.13 168.06 32 171.47 171.63 171.57 169.15 164.10 160.56 159.00 160.38 164.14 167.84 170.76 171.57 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 10-20S Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.32 1.31 1.32 1.36 1.38 1.39 1.40 1.39 1.37 1.35 1.33 1.33 2 4.60 4.46 4.42 4.51 4.57 4.65 4.71 4.61 4.53 4.45 4.39 4.49 3 9.50 9.12 8.91 9.03 9.18 9.35 9.55 9.37 9.17 8.99 8.88 9.20 4 15.73 15.07 14.57 14.62 14.78 14.99 15.40 15.30 15.02 14.75 14.60 15.23 5 22.86 22.00 21.15 20.99 21.01 21.15 21.74 21.87 21.65 21.39 21.22 22.18 6 30.32 29.34 28.16 27.72 27.51 27.45 28.11 28.52 28.51 28.41 28.23 29.48 7 38.04 37.04 35.58 34.82 34.32 34.01 34.64 35.33 35.65 35.80 35.62 37.08 8 45.83 44.85 43.19 42.12 41.29 40.72 41.27 42.23 42.94 43.40 43.21 44.79 9 53.65 52.75 50.93 49.59 48.41 47.56 48.01 49.23 50.36 51.15 50.94 52.57 10 61.42 60.63 58.72 57.18 55.62 54.46 54.81 56.25 57.82 58.91 58.69 60.32 11 68.83 68.18 66.23 64.53 62.62 61.13 61.41 63.04 64.99 66.36 66.15 67.74 12 76.42 75.91 73.97 72.13 69.86 68.02 68.21 70.03 72.36 74.00 73.83 75.36 13 83.62 83.25 81.36 79.43 76.85 74.66 74.76 76.72 79.38 81.25 81.15 82.61 14 90.77 90.52 88.73 86.73 83.86 81.32 81.31 83.37 86.33 88.42 88.42 89.81 15 97.68 97.55 95.88 93.85 90.75 87.86 87.71 89.82 93.03 95.32 95.44 96.78 16 104.49 104.46 102.95 100.92 97.60 94.36 94.04 96.19 99.63 102.10 102.36 103.64 17 110.75 110.80 109.47 107.47 103.97 100.43 99.93 102.06 105.67 108.30 108.71 109.94 18 117.38 117.52 116.40 114.44 110.76 106.90 106.19 108.29 112.07 114.87 115.44 116.61 19 122.81 123.00 122.06 120.17 116.39 112.32 111.44 113.48 117.37 120.26 120.97 122.09 20 128.47 128.70 127.96 126.16 122.26 117.98 116.93 118.90 122.89 125.88 126.74 127.79 21 134.11 134.39 133.85 132.14 128.15 123.67 122.44 124.33 128.41 131.49 132.50 133.48 22 138.82 139.11 138.73 137.12 133.08 128.49 127.15 128.95 133.08 136.20 137.32 138.24 23 143.70 144.00 143.79 142.28 138.19 133.49 132.03 133.74 137.93 141.08 142.31 143.17 24 148.75 149.06 149.04 147.63 143.50 138.69 137.10 138.71 142.95 146.14 147.49 148.27 25 152.70 153.00 153.09 151.77 147.61 142.76 141.11 142.65 146.91 150.09 151.52 152.25 26 156.71 157.00 157.22 155.98 151.81 146.90 145.21 146.67 150.96 154.12 155.62 156.30 27 160.83 161.10 161.45 160.31 156.12 151.17 149.42 150.80 155.11 158.25 159.84 160.46 28 164.77 165.02 165.48 164.42 160.22 155.25 153.46 154.77 159.09 162.21 163.86 164.42 29 167.91 168.13 168.66 167.65 163.45 158.48 156.71 157.99 162.33 165.41 167.09 167.59 30 171.12 171.30 171.90 170.94 166.74 161.78 160.03 161.28 165.63 168.68 170.38 170.82 31 174.39 174.54 175.20 174.29 170.10 165.16 163.42 164.63 168.99 172.00 173.73 174.11 32 177.71 177.83 178.56 177.71 173.53 168.60 166.88 168.05 172.43 175.40 177.15 177.47 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for eq-10S Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.31 1.27 1.32 1.35 1.37 1.40 1.39 1.37 1.37 1.35 1.35 1.33 2 4.72 4.39 4.27 4.35 4.49 4.62 4.68 4.54 4.48 4.41 4.44 4.58 3 9.81 9.10 8.54 8.60 8.90 9.22 9.48 9.22 9.01 8.86 8.91 9.41 4 16.18 15.14 14.05 13.91 14.30 14.81 15.38 15.09 14.72 14.49 14.57 15.52 5 23.36 22.21 20.61 20.05 20.38 21.00 21.86 21.69 21.24 20.97 21.05 22.45 6 30.86 29.73 27.74 26.71 26.75 27.36 28.49 28.55 28.15 27.87 27.91 29.68 7 38.68 37.64 35.40 33.94 33.55 33.98 35.32 35.70 35.45 35.23 35.16 37.23 8 46.59 45.67 43.32 41.54 40.66 40.78 42.25 42.99 42.97 42.83 42.63 44.90 9 54.55 53.80 51.43 49.41 48.11 47.82 49.31 50.41 50.67 50.64 50.28 52.67 10 62.50 61.95 59.69 57.50 55.83 55.09 56.48 57.94 58.50 58.57 58.02 60.47 11 70.11 69.78 67.68 65.39 63.42 62.28 63.50 65.24 66.10 66.25 65.53 67.95 12 77.90 77.81 75.92 73.57 71.32 69.78 70.78 72.79 73.94 74.19 73.30 75.64 13 85.29 85.40 83.73 81.37 78.91 77.06 77.86 80.05 81.45 81.78 80.78 82.97 14 92.60 92.87 91.45 89.12 86.49 84.36 84.96 87.30 88.92 89.34 88.26 90.26 15 99.65 100.03 98.86 96.63 93.88 91.52 91.95 94.38 96.18 96.68 95.56 97.34 16 106.58 107.05 106.14 104.03 101.18 98.62 98.89 101.39 103.34 103.90 102.79 104.33 17 112.92 113.42 112.75 110.79 107.90 105.19 105.33 107.86 109.90 110.51 109.45 110.77 18 119.64 120.17 119.77 118.00 115.07 112.19 112.19 114.74 116.88 117.54 116.54 117.61 19 125.09 125.60 125.40 123.81 120.88 117.91 117.83 120.35 122.53 123.18 122.28 123.18 20 130.75 131.24 131.26 129.87 126.95 123.88 123.72 126.20 128.42 129.06 128.26 128.99 21 136.39 136.86 137.10 135.90 133.02 129.86 129.61 132.05 134.29 134.91 134.21 134.78 22 141.04 141.50 141.90 140.86 138.00 134.81 134.52 136.90 139.13 139.69 139.06 139.54 23 145.84 146.30 146.88 146.00 143.18 139.95 139.62 141.92 144.15 144.65 144.09 144.47 24 150.81 151.26 152.02 151.33 148.55 145.28 144.91 147.13 149.35 149.77 149.30 149.57 25 154.65 155.13 156.03 155.45 152.69 149.40 149.03 151.18 153.37 153.71 153.26 153.48 26 158.55 159.05 160.10 159.64 156.91 153.60 153.23 155.30 157.45 157.70 157.29 157.45 27 162.55 163.08 164.28 163.95 161.24 157.91 157.55 159.54 161.65 161.80 161.42 161.52 28 166.34 166.90 168.27 168.06 165.37 162.02 161.67 163.58 165.66 165.71 165.34 165.39 29 169.32 169.93 171.43 171.33 168.63 165.26 164.94 166.79 168.84 168.79 168.41 168.40 30 172.35 173.01 174.66 174.65 171.96 168.56 168.27 170.07 172.07 171.94 171.54 171.48 31 175.43 176.15 177.95 178.04 175.35 171.92 171.67 173.42 175.38 175.14 174.73 174.60 32 178.57 179.34 181.30 181.50 178.81 175.35 175.14 176.82 178.74 178.40 177.97 177.79 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for eq-10N Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.31 1.27 1.31 1.34 1.37 1.39 1.39 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.35 1.34 2 4.76 4.41 4.25 4.31 4.46 4.60 4.68 4.54 4.47 4.42 4.46 4.63 3 9.86 9.15 8.55 8.57 8.84 9.17 9.46 9.20 8.98 8.86 8.93 9.46 4 16.06 15.10 14.02 13.89 14.27 14.78 15.37 15.06 14.67 14.45 14.52 15.43 5 22.94 21.94 20.46 20.03 20.46 21.11 22.00 21.78 21.27 20.90 20.83 22.07 6 30.08 29.18 27.45 26.68 26.97 27.69 28.88 28.88 28.35 27.79 27.46 28.94 7 37.52 36.80 34.97 33.90 33.91 34.59 36.04 36.35 35.85 35.13 34.47 36.12 8 45.06 44.60 42.78 41.49 41.15 41.67 43.32 43.96 43.56 42.71 41.69 43.42 9 52.65 52.53 50.82 49.37 48.70 48.97 50.73 51.71 51.43 50.47 49.07 50.82 10 60.26 60.53 59.02 57.47 56.47 56.44 58.23 59.50 59.37 58.33 56.56 58.26 11 67.59 68.24 66.98 65.38 64.10 63.79 65.52 67.02 67.05 65.96 63.86 65.46 12 75.12 76.16 75.18 73.57 72.02 71.44 73.07 74.79 74.98 73.84 71.43 72.88 13 82.29 83.63 82.95 81.39 79.64 78.85 80.37 82.23 82.57 81.41 78.75 79.99 14 89.39 90.98 90.62 89.16 87.26 86.27 87.67 89.65 90.12 88.95 86.07 87.08 15 96.26 98.01 97.97 96.68 94.68 93.53 94.81 96.88 97.46 96.27 93.25 93.97 16 103.01 104.88 105.17 104.09 102.03 100.72 101.89 104.02 104.70 103.49 100.37 100.80 17 109.20 111.11 111.69 110.86 108.80 107.37 108.45 110.61 111.35 110.11 106.96 107.10 18 115.76 117.70 118.62 118.06 116.02 114.46 115.43 117.61 118.42 117.14 113.98 113.80 19 121.09 123.00 124.15 123.86 121.90 120.29 121.20 123.37 124.19 122.83 119.68 119.29 20 126.62 128.50 129.91 129.90 128.05 126.37 127.23 129.37 130.20 128.76 125.64 125.01 21 132.14 133.97 135.64 135.92 134.19 132.46 133.27 135.38 136.21 134.68 131.59 130.71 22 136.69 138.47 140.34 140.85 139.26 137.54 138.33 140.40 141.19 139.54 136.45 135.42 23 141.39 143.13 145.20 145.96 144.52 142.80 143.58 145.61 146.36 144.58 141.49 140.30 24 146.26 147.95 150.22 151.25 149.97 148.27 149.04 151.01 151.72 149.80 146.71 145.35 25 150.01 151.69 154.12 155.34 154.19 152.52 153.30 155.22 155.89 153.83 150.69 149.22 26 153.83 155.49 158.08 159.50 158.48 156.84 157.65 159.51 160.13 157.92 154.74 153.15 27 157.74 159.39 162.15 163.77 162.89 161.29 162.11 163.93 164.48 162.12 158.90 157.19 28 161.46 163.09 166.02 167.85 167.09 165.53 166.39 168.15 168.64 166.13 162.85 161.02 29 164.37 166.02 169.11 171.09 170.43 168.90 169.80 171.53 171.97 169.32 165.95 164.02 30 167.33 169.00 172.25 174.40 173.84 172.34 173.28 174.98 175.37 172.56 169.11 167.07 31 170.34 172.03 175.44 177.77 177.31 175.85 176.83 178.50 178.83 175.87 172.32 170.18 32 173.41 175.12 178.70 181.20 180.85 179.44 180.46 182.09 182.36 179.24 175.60 173.34 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 10-20N Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.34 1.31 1.32 1.34 1.36 1.39 1.41 1.37 1.35 1.35 1.35 1.34 2 4.71 4.48 4.41 4.42 4.47 4.59 4.71 4.63 4.54 4.53 4.54 4.64 3 9.68 9.20 8.86 8.84 8.92 9.16 9.49 9.38 9.18 9.13 9.15 9.46 4 15.76 15.14 14.44 14.36 14.48 14.83 15.42 15.32 15.02 14.82 14.73 15.27 5 22.47 21.82 20.85 20.73 20.90 21.31 22.13 22.11 21.70 21.31 20.96 21.65 6 29.26 28.75 27.65 27.48 27.69 28.12 29.10 29.24 28.77 28.16 27.41 28.13 7 36.20 35.99 34.87 34.63 34.84 35.25 36.38 36.71 36.21 35.37 34.15 34.77 8 43.15 43.38 42.32 42.00 42.18 42.55 43.80 44.35 43.85 42.79 41.05 41.44 9 50.15 50.89 49.93 49.55 49.66 49.98 51.35 52.12 51.63 50.37 48.10 48.16 10 57.14 58.41 57.62 57.21 57.22 57.46 58.92 59.90 59.45 58.01 55.24 54.91 11 63.92 65.65 65.07 64.66 64.55 64.71 66.22 67.36 66.96 65.38 62.21 61.49 12 70.90 73.06 72.74 72.36 72.14 72.20 73.75 75.02 74.68 72.98 69.44 68.30 13 77.61 80.10 80.06 79.76 79.47 79.43 80.97 82.35 82.05 80.27 76.44 74.92 14 84.26 87.04 87.31 87.13 86.80 86.66 88.18 89.63 89.38 87.52 83.44 81.53 15 90.71 93.70 94.31 94.30 93.96 93.72 95.20 96.70 96.49 94.55 90.27 88.00 16 97.07 100.23 101.20 101.40 101.07 100.73 102.16 103.68 103.51 101.49 97.03 94.39 17 102.91 106.19 107.50 107.94 107.65 107.23 108.60 110.13 109.98 107.87 103.27 100.32 18 109.11 112.49 114.20 114.90 114.66 114.15 115.45 116.98 116.86 114.65 109.91 106.62 19 114.19 117.61 119.62 120.59 120.45 119.90 121.17 122.68 122.55 120.23 115.37 111.82 20 119.49 122.93 125.26 126.53 126.50 125.92 127.13 128.63 128.50 126.05 121.08 117.25 21 124.77 128.22 130.89 132.46 132.55 131.95 133.12 134.59 134.45 131.88 126.79 122.68 22 129.18 132.60 135.53 137.37 137.61 137.02 138.18 139.63 139.47 136.76 131.56 127.22 23 133.74 137.13 140.32 142.47 142.86 142.29 143.43 144.86 144.68 141.82 136.51 131.94 24 138.47 141.81 145.29 147.75 148.31 147.77 148.88 150.29 150.09 147.06 141.64 136.83 25 142.17 145.47 149.15 151.85 152.56 152.05 153.17 154.56 154.33 151.16 145.64 140.64 26 145.94 149.19 153.07 156.03 156.89 156.42 157.54 158.91 158.65 155.33 149.71 144.53 27 149.80 153.00 157.09 160.32 161.34 160.91 162.03 163.39 163.09 159.62 153.90 148.53 28 153.50 156.64 160.94 164.42 165.59 165.21 166.34 167.67 167.35 163.72 157.90 152.35 29 156.48 159.59 164.03 167.71 169.00 168.66 169.82 171.13 170.77 167.00 161.08 155.41 30 159.52 162.59 167.18 171.06 172.47 172.19 173.36 174.66 174.26 170.35 164.33 158.52 31 162.62 165.64 170.38 174.48 176.02 175.78 176.98 178.26 177.82 173.76 167.65 161.70 32 165.78 168.75 173.65 177.96 179.64 179.46 180.67 181.94 181.45 177.24 171.03 164.95 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 20-30N Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.38 1.37 1.37 1.36 1.36 1.40 1.43 1.40 1.36 1.36 1.36 1.36 2 4.69 4.61 4.59 4.51 4.45 4.54 4.71 4.75 4.62 4.64 4.69 4.72 3 9.54 9.30 9.21 9.08 8.93 9.05 9.42 9.58 9.45 9.45 9.52 9.58 4 15.43 15.11 14.88 14.73 14.53 14.67 15.25 15.54 15.46 15.35 15.22 15.29 5 21.80 21.59 21.23 21.11 20.92 21.09 21.85 22.26 22.22 21.91 21.37 21.40 6 28.11 28.18 27.81 27.73 27.60 27.81 28.71 29.21 29.20 28.67 27.60 27.46 7 34.43 34.91 34.65 34.61 34.57 34.81 35.83 36.41 36.42 35.67 33.99 33.57 8 40.67 41.66 41.62 41.63 41.67 41.95 43.05 43.72 43.72 42.77 40.47 39.64 9 46.84 48.39 48.66 48.74 48.85 49.17 50.36 51.11 51.08 49.94 47.04 45.72 10 52.89 55.03 55.69 55.86 56.03 56.38 57.65 58.48 58.40 57.08 53.61 51.75 11 58.69 61.36 62.45 62.75 62.95 63.33 64.65 65.54 65.42 63.92 59.97 57.61 12 64.63 67.83 69.40 69.86 70.09 70.50 71.86 72.80 72.63 70.94 66.52 63.65 13 70.35 73.99 76.04 76.71 76.99 77.41 78.78 79.75 79.54 77.66 72.84 69.52 14 76.04 80.08 82.64 83.55 83.89 84.32 85.69 86.67 86.42 84.35 79.16 75.38 15 81.59 85.96 89.02 90.24 90.66 91.09 92.43 93.41 93.12 90.85 85.32 81.12 16 87.12 91.76 95.33 96.88 97.40 97.81 99.12 100.08 99.75 97.29 91.44 86.84 17 92.31 97.14 101.16 103.06 103.69 104.07 105.33 106.27 105.91 103.27 97.15 92.20 18 97.82 102.83 107.35 109.64 110.39 110.73 111.93 112.85 112.44 109.60 103.21 97.89 19 102.56 107.63 112.50 115.13 116.01 116.32 117.47 118.36 117.92 114.92 108.34 102.76 20 107.51 112.63 117.86 120.87 121.89 122.17 123.26 124.11 123.64 120.47 113.71 107.86 21 112.50 117.65 123.24 126.63 127.79 128.05 129.08 129.89 129.38 126.03 119.10 112.99 22 116.84 121.97 127.80 131.48 132.79 133.05 134.03 134.81 134.26 130.76 123.71 117.42 23 121.35 126.45 132.53 136.52 137.99 138.25 139.18 139.92 139.33 135.66 128.50 122.03 24 126.03 131.09 137.43 141.75 143.39 143.64 144.53 145.22 144.58 140.75 133.47 126.82 25 129.88 134.90 141.38 145.91 147.68 147.93 148.78 149.42 148.74 144.78 137.42 130.70 26 133.81 138.79 145.41 150.16 152.06 152.31 153.11 153.72 152.99 148.88 141.46 134.67 27 137.87 142.79 149.56 154.53 156.57 156.82 157.58 158.13 157.35 153.09 145.61 138.76 28 141.81 146.68 153.58 158.76 160.91 161.15 161.87 162.38 161.55 157.14 149.60 142.72 29 145.17 150.01 156.97 162.26 164.48 164.70 165.38 165.83 164.94 160.41 152.85 146.02 30 148.61 153.42 160.44 165.84 168.12 168.33 168.96 169.36 168.41 163.76 156.18 149.39 31 152.13 156.90 163.98 169.49 171.85 172.04 172.62 172.97 171.95 167.17 159.57 152.85 32 155.73 160.47 167.60 173.23 175.66 175.83 176.37 176.65 175.57 170.65 163.04 156.38 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 30-40N Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.43 1.41 1.38 1.34 1.32 1.34 1.40 1.42 1.38 1.37 1.40 1.42 2 4.87 4.81 4.68 4.46 4.29 4.30 4.51 4.68 4.70 4.79 5.00 4.99 3 9.67 9.61 9.46 9.02 8.62 8.58 8.97 9.37 9.55 9.80 10.10 9.91 4 15.23 15.30 15.24 14.68 14.09 13.98 14.54 15.16 15.51 15.76 15.87 15.43 5 21.08 21.45 21.58 21.03 20.34 20.18 20.86 21.63 22.08 22.18 21.87 21.16 6 26.80 27.59 28.02 27.56 26.87 26.66 27.41 28.25 28.73 28.60 27.74 26.73 7 32.46 33.75 34.58 34.31 33.66 33.40 34.19 35.07 35.52 35.10 33.62 32.27 8 37.99 39.81 41.13 41.13 40.55 40.23 41.03 41.94 42.32 41.57 39.48 37.74 9 43.43 45.77 47.63 47.95 47.48 47.11 47.92 48.85 49.13 48.01 45.33 43.18 10 48.74 51.57 53.98 54.69 54.34 53.94 54.76 55.71 55.86 54.34 51.10 48.53 11 53.81 57.05 59.98 61.11 60.92 60.48 61.32 62.29 62.30 60.39 56.64 53.70 12 59.00 62.62 66.09 67.68 67.67 67.22 68.07 69.06 68.92 66.60 62.32 59.01 13 64.03 67.93 71.87 73.95 74.14 73.70 74.57 75.58 75.27 72.56 67.81 64.18 14 69.06 73.21 77.59 80.17 80.60 80.17 81.06 82.08 81.61 78.49 73.28 69.36 15 74.03 78.35 83.13 86.22 86.91 86.51 87.40 88.43 87.79 84.29 78.64 74.47 16 79.03 83.47 88.63 92.22 93.19 92.82 93.71 94.74 93.93 90.04 83.97 79.59 17 83.82 88.31 93.77 97.82 99.07 98.73 99.61 100.62 99.66 95.43 89.01 84.47 18 88.90 93.44 99.20 103.77 105.32 105.02 105.87 106.87 105.74 101.13 94.35 89.65 19 93.44 97.94 103.90 108.84 110.63 110.38 111.20 112.18 110.92 106.02 99.00 94.25 20 98.19 102.64 108.80 114.13 116.19 115.99 116.77 117.72 116.32 111.13 103.86 99.06 21 103.01 107.40 113.74 119.45 121.78 121.63 122.38 123.29 121.76 116.26 108.77 103.95 22 107.33 111.65 118.09 124.06 126.59 126.50 127.20 128.08 126.44 120.72 113.08 108.30 23 111.83 116.06 122.60 128.84 131.59 131.55 132.22 133.07 131.31 125.34 117.56 112.84 24 116.52 120.65 127.28 133.81 136.79 136.81 137.43 138.24 136.37 130.14 122.22 117.56 25 120.51 124.55 131.23 137.89 141.01 141.05 141.62 142.40 140.44 134.02 126.04 121.53 26 124.61 128.55 135.26 142.06 145.31 145.39 145.91 146.64 144.60 137.99 129.95 125.60 27 128.85 132.68 139.42 146.36 149.76 149.86 150.32 151.02 148.88 142.08 133.98 129.80 28 133.03 136.74 143.50 150.54 154.07 154.19 154.59 155.24 153.02 146.03 137.90 133.92 29 136.70 140.31 147.06 154.13 157.69 157.80 158.14 158.74 156.43 149.31 141.21 137.48 30 140.47 143.97 150.71 157.80 161.41 161.50 161.76 162.31 159.93 152.66 144.61 141.13 31 144.34 147.73 154.45 161.56 165.21 165.28 165.47 165.97 163.50 156.09 148.08 144.89 32 148.33 151.58 158.29 165.41 169.10 169.15 169.27 169.71 167.16 159.59 151.64 148.74 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 40-50N Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.51 1.44 1.35 1.30 1.26 1.26 1.30 1.36 1.38 1.40 1.46 1.53 2 5.20 5.15 4.75 4.33 4.07 4.01 4.16 4.41 4.67 5.02 5.41 5.39 3 9.89 10.19 9.77 8.86 8.21 8.02 8.31 8.83 9.44 10.12 10.64 10.28 4 15.06 15.83 15.75 14.58 13.54 13.16 13.56 14.34 15.19 15.93 16.25 15.49 5 20.40 21.66 22.15 21.02 19.67 19.09 19.55 20.48 21.42 21.98 21.90 20.76 6 25.61 27.34 28.44 27.59 26.06 25.29 25.74 26.73 27.64 27.88 27.31 25.85 7 30.76 32.96 34.69 34.27 32.67 31.71 32.12 33.10 33.89 33.73 32.63 30.88 8 35.82 38.47 40.79 40.88 39.32 38.20 38.54 39.47 40.08 39.49 37.86 35.83 9 40.81 43.89 46.75 47.38 45.93 44.69 44.96 45.82 46.21 45.16 43.03 40.74 10 45.70 49.18 52.51 53.68 52.43 51.10 51.28 52.07 52.20 50.69 48.11 45.58 11 50.39 54.20 57.92 59.58 58.57 57.21 57.33 58.03 57.90 55.95 52.99 50.27 12 55.20 59.32 63.41 65.56 64.83 63.47 63.53 64.14 63.72 61.31 57.99 55.10 13 59.86 64.23 68.62 71.20 70.75 69.45 69.47 70.00 69.31 66.45 62.83 59.82 14 64.57 69.13 73.80 76.76 76.62 75.41 75.41 75.84 74.87 71.58 67.69 64.58 15 69.24 73.94 78.83 82.14 82.29 81.22 81.20 81.54 80.29 76.59 72.48 69.31 16 73.96 78.76 83.85 87.48 87.92 87.00 86.97 87.21 85.69 81.58 77.27 74.09 17 78.53 83.36 88.60 92.47 93.17 92.40 92.38 92.54 90.77 86.29 81.86 78.70 18 83.39 88.23 93.61 97.76 98.73 98.15 98.13 98.18 96.15 91.28 86.71 83.60 19 87.78 92.58 98.03 102.33 103.48 103.05 103.06 103.03 100.80 95.65 91.04 88.03 20 92.40 97.13 102.64 107.11 108.44 108.17 108.21 108.10 105.66 100.22 95.56 92.68 21 97.10 101.76 107.31 111.92 113.43 113.34 113.41 113.21 110.56 104.82 100.15 97.42 22 101.37 105.94 111.48 116.17 117.76 117.80 117.92 117.66 114.84 108.89 104.25 101.70 23 105.83 110.30 115.82 120.58 122.26 122.44 122.61 122.28 119.29 113.12 108.52 106.17 24 110.48 114.83 120.32 125.16 126.93 127.26 127.49 127.09 123.91 117.51 112.97 110.84 25 114.49 118.76 124.19 129.02 130.80 131.21 131.47 131.01 127.70 121.16 116.71 114.83 26 118.63 122.79 128.15 132.98 134.76 135.24 135.53 135.03 131.57 124.89 120.55 118.94 27 122.91 126.97 132.24 137.05 138.84 139.40 139.73 139.17 135.56 128.74 124.52 123.19 28 127.15 131.09 136.27 141.05 142.83 143.44 143.80 143.18 139.44 132.49 128.40 127.39 29 130.92 134.77 139.85 144.56 146.27 146.88 147.22 146.56 142.70 135.69 131.78 131.08 30 134.80 138.56 143.52 148.15 149.80 150.39 150.73 150.02 146.04 138.97 135.24 134.88 31 138.80 142.45 147.29 151.83 153.41 153.99 154.32 153.56 149.45 142.32 138.79 138.80 32 142.91 146.45 151.16 155.61 157.11 157.68 158.00 157.18 152.95 145.76 142.44 142.82 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 50-60N Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.60 1.54 1.35 1.26 1.20 1.18 1.20 1.26 1.34 1.44 1.55 1.62 2 5.29 5.56 5.00 4.32 3.92 3.78 3.85 4.10 4.57 5.23 5.67 5.49 3 9.64 10.53 10.23 8.95 7.99 7.60 7.71 8.25 9.24 10.29 10.68 10.03 4 14.32 15.76 16.15 14.67 13.17 12.47 12.61 13.41 14.76 15.80 15.89 14.77 5 19.16 21.04 22.25 20.92 19.06 18.05 18.17 19.13 20.61 21.37 21.05 19.55 6 23.90 26.14 28.10 27.13 25.11 23.85 23.90 24.91 26.34 26.70 25.94 24.15 7 28.61 31.20 33.82 33.35 31.29 29.82 29.78 30.76 32.02 31.91 30.73 28.68 8 33.26 36.20 39.36 39.43 37.44 35.82 35.67 36.55 37.57 36.99 35.41 33.15 9 37.87 41.16 44.75 45.37 43.52 41.80 41.53 42.28 43.01 41.95 40.02 37.59 10 42.39 46.02 49.97 51.08 49.44 47.68 47.28 47.87 48.28 46.78 44.54 41.96 11 46.73 50.68 54.91 56.41 54.99 53.25 52.73 53.15 53.25 51.36 48.88 46.21 12 51.19 55.43 59.92 61.79 60.61 58.92 58.29 58.52 58.28 56.02 53.33 50.58 13 55.52 60.01 64.72 66.86 65.89 64.30 63.59 63.64 63.08 60.49 57.65 54.87 14 59.88 64.60 69.50 71.87 71.09 69.63 68.86 68.72 67.84 64.94 61.99 59.19 15 64.21 69.12 74.18 76.72 76.10 74.81 73.98 73.66 72.47 69.29 66.27 63.50 16 68.59 73.66 78.86 81.53 81.06 79.94 79.09 78.58 77.07 73.65 70.58 67.86 17 72.84 78.02 83.32 86.06 85.68 84.74 83.88 83.21 81.42 77.80 74.74 72.10 18 77.35 82.64 88.04 90.85 90.58 89.82 88.97 88.11 86.01 82.19 79.14 76.61 19 81.46 86.80 92.25 95.05 94.79 94.17 93.35 92.37 90.02 86.10 83.11 80.71 20 85.78 91.16 96.64 99.43 99.18 98.71 97.92 96.80 94.21 90.18 87.27 85.02 21 90.19 95.59 101.10 103.86 103.61 103.29 102.53 101.28 98.44 94.32 91.49 89.42 22 94.23 99.63 105.12 107.82 107.50 107.26 106.56 105.21 102.17 98.02 95.32 93.43 23 98.44 103.84 109.31 111.94 111.54 111.39 110.74 109.28 106.04 101.86 99.30 97.61 24 102.85 108.22 113.66 116.21 115.74 115.68 115.09 113.52 110.06 105.86 103.45 101.98 25 106.70 112.05 117.45 119.88 119.29 119.25 118.69 117.02 113.42 109.25 107.01 105.77 26 110.67 115.99 121.33 123.64 122.93 122.90 122.37 120.61 116.86 112.72 110.67 109.68 27 114.79 120.07 125.35 127.52 126.68 126.66 126.17 124.31 120.41 116.30 114.46 113.73 28 118.88 124.11 129.32 131.34 130.37 130.34 129.88 127.92 123.87 119.82 118.20 117.74 29 122.56 127.75 132.89 134.75 133.62 133.53 133.06 130.99 126.86 122.90 121.50 121.32 30 126.34 131.48 136.55 138.25 136.95 136.80 136.31 134.14 129.93 126.05 124.89 125.01 31 130.24 135.33 140.31 141.84 140.37 140.15 139.64 137.37 133.07 129.28 128.38 128.82 32 134.27 139.29 144.18 145.52 143.87 143.58 143.05 140.67 136.28 132.60 131.97 132.73 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 60-70N Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.59 1.73 1.44 1.24 1.16 1.15 1.14 1.17 1.30 1.51 1.63 1.58 2 4.87 5.74 5.40 4.41 3.82 3.63 3.62 3.89 4.55 5.33 5.49 5.01 3 8.69 10.30 10.56 9.07 7.72 7.14 7.14 7.83 9.11 10.06 10.01 9.08 4 12.87 15.05 16.09 14.53 12.55 11.52 11.52 12.59 14.25 15.02 14.71 13.40 5 17.25 19.89 21.63 20.29 17.90 16.45 16.41 17.75 19.52 19.92 19.35 17.78 6 21.59 24.63 26.90 25.93 23.31 21.52 21.41 22.89 24.58 24.53 23.73 22.03 7 25.94 29.39 32.08 31.50 28.77 26.70 26.50 28.02 29.51 29.00 28.00 26.23 8 30.25 34.11 37.12 36.93 34.17 31.86 31.56 33.06 34.27 33.33 32.15 30.36 9 34.53 38.82 42.08 42.22 39.50 36.97 36.57 37.99 38.89 37.56 36.23 34.44 10 38.72 43.45 46.91 47.31 44.67 41.97 41.46 42.77 43.32 41.66 40.21 38.44 11 42.75 47.91 51.53 52.07 49.53 46.69 46.08 47.25 47.47 45.56 44.03 42.27 12 46.86 52.48 56.24 56.89 54.45 51.50 50.78 51.79 51.66 49.51 47.93 46.20 13 50.84 56.89 60.78 61.47 59.09 56.04 55.23 56.07 55.61 53.31 51.72 50.01 14 54.84 61.32 65.33 66.00 63.68 60.55 59.64 60.30 59.52 57.08 55.51 53.84 15 58.78 65.67 69.80 70.41 68.12 64.92 63.91 64.39 63.30 60.78 59.26 57.62 16 62.76 70.05 74.28 74.81 72.53 69.26 68.16 68.44 67.06 64.49 63.04 61.44 17 66.60 74.27 78.57 78.98 76.67 73.35 72.16 72.26 70.63 68.04 66.69 65.13 18 70.68 78.73 83.11 83.39 81.06 77.67 76.38 76.29 74.38 71.80 70.56 69.04 19 74.37 82.75 87.18 87.31 84.88 81.41 80.03 79.79 77.70 75.18 74.06 72.60 20 78.24 86.96 91.42 91.40 88.86 85.31 83.84 83.44 81.16 78.71 77.73 76.32 21 82.19 91.25 95.74 95.55 92.89 89.25 87.69 87.11 84.65 82.29 81.46 80.12 22 85.80 95.15 99.65 99.30 96.47 92.72 91.06 90.35 87.78 85.54 84.86 83.59 23 89.58 99.23 103.72 103.19 100.19 96.32 94.56 93.72 91.03 88.91 88.39 87.21 24 93.52 103.48 107.97 107.25 104.05 100.05 98.19 97.20 94.40 92.41 92.08 90.99 25 97.00 107.20 111.67 110.78 107.36 103.22 101.25 100.16 97.29 95.45 95.29 94.32 26 100.58 111.03 115.48 114.40 110.76 106.46 104.39 103.18 100.26 98.57 98.60 97.75 27 104.30 115.00 119.43 118.15 114.27 109.81 107.62 106.29 103.31 101.79 102.02 101.30 28 107.99 118.93 123.33 121.86 117.74 113.10 110.79 109.35 106.32 104.97 105.42 104.83 29 111.32 122.47 126.85 125.20 120.83 116.00 113.56 112.02 108.98 107.80 108.47 108.03 30 114.76 126.10 130.47 128.64 124.01 118.98 116.39 114.76 111.71 110.71 111.60 111.33 31 118.31 129.85 134.19 132.17 127.27 122.03 119.30 117.57 114.51 113.70 114.83 114.72 32 121.97 133.71 138.01 135.80 130.61 125.16 122.28 120.45 117.38 116.77 118.15 118.22 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 70-80N Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.52 1.91 1.59 1.27 1.14 1.05 1.06 1.13 1.30 1.58 1.65 1.51 2 4.51 5.82 5.54 4.43 3.88 3.57 3.56 3.75 4.49 5.04 5.26 4.71 3 8.08 10.26 10.26 8.75 7.73 7.11 7.00 7.30 8.48 8.94 9.47 8.52 4 12.01 14.90 15.19 13.61 12.25 11.35 11.08 11.38 12.67 12.89 13.83 12.59 5 16.17 19.66 20.15 18.68 17.08 15.97 15.52 15.67 16.84 16.73 18.09 16.73 6 20.32 24.36 24.94 23.61 21.86 20.61 19.96 19.86 20.75 20.31 22.07 20.74 7 24.51 29.08 29.70 28.49 26.63 25.28 24.43 24.01 24.53 23.78 25.89 24.68 8 28.65 33.80 34.40 33.25 31.33 29.88 28.82 28.04 28.16 27.14 29.58 28.51 9 32.75 38.51 39.07 37.92 35.94 34.38 33.12 31.96 31.67 30.42 33.17 32.26 10 36.77 43.16 43.66 42.42 40.41 38.75 37.28 35.74 35.04 33.60 36.65 35.87 11 40.60 47.65 48.07 46.66 44.64 42.86 41.20 39.28 38.22 36.65 39.98 39.30 12 44.52 52.25 52.59 50.96 48.92 47.01 45.15 42.85 41.43 39.74 43.36 42.78 13 48.29 56.71 56.97 55.07 52.99 50.93 48.89 46.23 44.48 42.72 46.62 46.14 14 52.05 61.18 61.36 59.16 57.03 54.79 52.57 49.57 47.51 45.70 49.90 49.48 15 55.74 65.59 65.68 63.16 60.95 58.53 56.12 52.79 50.46 48.63 53.12 52.76 16 59.44 70.02 70.02 67.17 64.86 62.24 59.64 56.00 53.40 51.58 56.37 56.05 17 62.97 74.27 74.19 71.00 68.58 65.73 62.95 59.03 56.22 54.43 59.50 59.20 18 66.71 78.79 78.60 75.06 72.51 69.43 66.45 62.23 59.19 57.43 62.81 62.53 19 70.04 82.84 82.55 78.70 76.00 72.66 69.48 65.04 61.86 60.17 65.81 65.54 20 73.52 87.09 86.69 82.51 79.64 76.03 72.64 67.97 64.64 63.04 68.95 68.68 21 77.07 91.41 90.90 86.38 83.34 79.44 75.82 70.93 67.47 65.95 72.14 71.89 22 80.29 95.35 94.72 89.91 86.67 82.49 78.64 73.58 70.05 68.63 75.07 74.84 23 83.65 99.46 98.71 93.58 90.13 85.66 81.56 76.33 72.72 71.42 78.13 77.91 24 87.15 103.75 102.86 97.40 93.73 88.95 84.59 79.18 75.50 74.32 81.31 81.11 25 90.23 107.51 106.51 100.77 96.87 91.80 87.19 81.65 77.97 76.91 84.14 83.98 26 93.40 111.38 110.26 104.23 100.09 94.73 89.86 84.20 80.50 79.57 87.05 86.94 27 96.68 115.39 114.14 107.81 103.43 97.76 92.61 86.81 83.12 82.32 90.07 90.00 28 99.95 119.36 117.99 111.37 106.73 100.75 95.32 89.40 85.71 85.06 93.07 93.06 29 102.90 122.92 121.46 114.61 109.72 103.42 97.73 91.73 88.07 87.55 95.81 95.86 30 105.95 126.59 125.03 117.94 112.79 106.17 100.21 94.11 90.48 90.11 98.63 98.75 31 109.09 130.36 128.71 121.37 115.94 108.99 102.75 96.56 92.97 92.75 101.53 101.73 32 112.32 134.25 132.49 124.90 119.19 111.89 105.35 99.07 95.52 95.47 104.52 104.79 SONDE/MLS CLIMATOLOGY (1988-2010) for 80-90N Press(hPa) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 1 1.52 1.95 1.61 1.30 1.10 1.02 1.02 1.11 1.33 1.56 1.67 1.51 2 4.45 5.89 5.35 4.51 3.90 3.49 3.49 3.78 4.29 4.61 5.28 4.70 3 7.95 10.37 9.80 8.66 7.84 7.08 7.00 7.28 7.74 7.84 9.45 8.45 4 11.84 15.02 14.49 13.26 12.35 11.34 11.08 11.15 11.28 11.04 13.71 12.43 5 16.00 19.78 19.25 18.04 17.08 15.93 15.46 15.13 14.77 14.15 17.85 16.48 6 20.17 24.47 23.89 22.70 21.69 20.50 19.79 18.97 18.07 17.08 21.64 20.37 7 24.39 29.20 28.53 27.32 26.27 25.06 24.11 22.73 21.27 19.94 25.27 24.17 8 28.58 33.93 33.13 31.85 30.75 29.52 28.32 26.38 24.37 22.74 28.74 27.83 9 32.74 38.66 37.72 36.30 35.14 33.86 32.42 29.91 27.40 25.51 32.10 31.37 10 36.82 43.35 42.24 40.61 39.39 38.04 36.36 33.30 30.33 28.23 35.36 34.75 11 40.72 47.88 46.59 44.69 43.40 41.94 40.05 36.49 33.12 30.85 38.44 37.93 12 44.71 52.52 51.06 48.84 47.47 45.88 43.77 39.70 35.96 33.53 41.57 41.16 13 48.54 57.04 55.40 52.81 51.34 49.58 47.27 42.75 38.69 36.14 44.59 44.26 14 52.35 61.56 59.74 56.77 55.18 53.22 50.70 45.76 41.41 38.75 47.61 47.35 15 56.09 66.03 64.03 60.66 58.92 56.73 54.01 48.68 44.09 41.35 50.58 50.38 16 59.82 70.52 68.33 64.56 62.65 60.21 57.28 51.59 46.78 43.96 53.56 53.42 17 63.37 74.84 72.47 68.30 66.21 63.49 60.36 54.37 49.37 46.51 56.44 56.33 18 67.14 79.42 76.86 72.25 69.97 66.95 63.59 57.29 52.11 49.20 59.47 59.39 19 70.47 83.54 80.79 75.82 73.33 70.00 66.41 59.89 54.58 51.66 62.22 62.16 20 73.95 87.85 84.90 79.55 76.84 73.17 69.35 62.59 57.17 54.24 65.10 65.05 21 77.49 92.25 89.09 83.35 80.41 76.39 72.31 65.33 59.81 56.87 68.02 67.99 22 80.69 96.26 92.90 86.82 83.64 79.28 74.95 67.79 62.22 59.30 70.73 70.72 23 84.02 100.44 96.87 90.43 87.01 82.28 77.68 70.35 64.74 61.84 73.55 73.55 24 87.49 104.80 101.01 94.20 90.51 85.40 80.52 73.01 67.35 64.48 76.48 76.50 25 90.53 108.61 104.64 97.52 93.59 88.13 82.98 75.34 69.69 66.86 79.12 79.17 26 93.66 112.54 108.38 100.94 96.76 90.94 85.51 77.74 72.10 69.31 81.84 81.91 27 96.89 116.61 112.26 104.48 100.03 93.84 88.12 80.21 74.59 71.85 84.65 84.75 28 100.10 120.65 116.11 108.01 103.28 96.71 90.69 82.66 77.07 74.39 87.45 87.59 29 103.01 124.26 119.57 111.22 106.24 99.30 93.01 84.87 79.33 76.71 90.04 90.21 30 105.99 127.97 123.14 114.54 109.28 101.97 95.38 87.14 81.65 79.10 92.69 92.91 31 109.06 131.80 126.81 117.95 112.41 104.70 97.81 89.47 84.05 81.57 95.43 95.69 32 112.23 135.74 130.60 121.46 115.62 107.50 100.31 91.87 86.51 84.11 98.25 98.56